磁铁矿精矿超声波—酸浸脱磷工艺与机理研究-study on ultrasonic - acid leaching dephosphorization process and mechanism of magnetite concentrate.docxVIP
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磁铁矿精矿超声波—酸浸脱磷工艺与机理研究-study on ultrasonic - acid leaching dephosphorization process and mechanism of magnetite concentrate
摘要近些年来,随着我国高铁、风电、核电等领域的高速发展,对其所用铸件材料 的性能提出了更高的要求,高纯生铁是生产这种高端铸件必不可少的原材料。 磷会严重影响高纯生铁的纯度,目前,高纯生铁冶炼方法主要有精料法和氧化法。 河北承德地区蕴藏丰富的磁铁矿,过去主要利用氧化法生产高纯生铁,因成本高、 操作复杂而没有得到广泛的应用,因而采用精料法控制铁矿石的含磷量是本研究的 方向。本课题的研究目的是探索出一种经济上合理、技术上可行的铁矿石深度脱磷 工艺以达到冶炼高纯生铁的标准,并将该工艺应用于承德磁铁矿的处理当中。本试验采用酸浸法对矿样进行脱磷处理,对比了盐酸、硝酸、硫酸和柠檬酸的 脱磷效果,盐酸被作为浸出剂。然后探索盐酸脱磷过程中的最佳工艺参数,得出在 盐酸用量 15%,铁精粉粒径-0.074 mm 占 90.5%,液固比 1:1,浸出时间 2 h,搅拌速 度 100 r/min 常温浸出条件下,此时磷的脱除率可以达到 95%以上,浸出渣中磷含量 低于 0.005%,同时总铁的损失率低于 1%。对浸出废酸进行回用试验,随着回用次 数的增加,浸出渣中磷含量逐渐升高。进行酸性条件下磁铁矿吸附磷探索性试验,在三种不同酸浓度 5%、10%和 15% 条件下,磷吸附量随着酸度的增加而减小,FT-IR 显示高酸度降低了磁铁矿表面活性 羟基量。吸附动力学特征较好地符合 Elovich 方程和准二级动力学方程以及粒间扩散 模型,吸附试验数据能够较好地用 Langmuir 吸附方程拟合。采用超声波辅助脱磷工艺,在满足脱磷率的前提下,得到了最佳的工艺参数: 前段浸出时间 1 h,超声时间 20 min,酸用量 9%,超声波频率 21 kHz,超声强度 350W,磨矿细度-0.074 mm 占 81.2%。对浸出废酸进行了回用试验的研究,在每次补加酸量 4%情况下,浸出废酸可以回用 3 次。 通过与直接酸浸对比,超声辅助脱磷降低了酸用量和磨矿成本,提高了处理效率,浸出渣中磷含量低于 0.005%,满足了冶炼高纯生铁的标准,表明本研究提出的 超声辅助酸浸是一种很有效的磁铁矿脱磷方法。关键词:磁铁矿精矿;脱磷;吸附;超声波AbstractIn recent years, there has been an adequate progress in wind power、nuclear and high-speed rail field in our country, the quality of materials used are increasingly strictly controlled, high-purity pig iron is the indispensable material for producing the high-gradecasting. P, which is the most familiar one and most difficult to be extracted,is harmful tothe quality of high-purity pig iron. There are two kinds of method to produce high-purity pig iron, concentrated method and oxidation method. Chengde city, Hebei province of China, where contained vast reserves of magnetite, which was used as the raw material to produce the high-purity pig iron by using oxidation method. However owing to the operating complication and high cost, that’s why oxidation method can not be application and popularization. So we need to explore a dephosphorization deeply technology withtechnically feasible and economically rational,so as to apply it to the processing of themagnetite.Acid leaching method was selected as the measure of removal phosphorus from magnetite. Hydrochloric acid, sulfur
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