铅锌硫化矿低碱分离技术分析-analysis of low alkali separation technology for lead-zinc sulfide ore.docxVIP

摘要四川某铅锌硫化矿石中矿物种类繁多、铅锌存在一定程度的氧化且矿物嵌布粒度分布不均匀，铅锌浮选分离困难。论文试图寻找一种低碱条件下对铅矿物捕收能力较强、选择性较好的捕收剂，实现铅锌硫化矿在低碱下浮选分离。论文通过单矿物浮选试验、实际矿石浮选试验、红外光谱测试、紫外光谱测试等方面对矿物浮选分离及药剂的机理进行了研究。单矿物浮选试验结果表明，三种药剂对方铅矿的捕收能力顺序为：丁基黄药乙硫氮QF-11；对方铅矿的选择性顺序为：QF-11乙硫氮丁基黄药。实际矿石浮选试验结果表明，采用QF-11为铅捕收剂，选铅尾矿进入选锌作业，分别采用硫酸铜和丁黄药作为锌活化剂和锌捕收剂，选铅采用一粗三精一扫的选矿流程，选锌采用一粗三精两扫的选矿流程，在原矿含Pb1.94%、含Zn2.77%、含Ag160g/t的条件下，获得了含Pb60.67%、铅回收率88.03%，含Ag4668.35g/t、银回收率82.13%的铅精矿和含Zn51.87%、锌回收率89.65%的锌精矿，实现了铅锌硫化矿在低碱条件下浮选分离。与乙硫氮高碱方案对比，QF-11低碱方案得到的铅精矿中铅品位较低，但铅回收率较高，且铅精矿中银回收率有明显的优势。红外光谱测试结果表明，QF-11在方铅矿表面发生了强烈地化学吸附，吸附作用主要是通过药剂中的C=S键和C=O键发生的；QF-11在闪锌矿表面吸附作用不明显。紫外光谱测试结果表明，QF-11在方铅矿表面的吸附量要大于在闪锌矿表面的吸附量。从浮选试验数据、红外光谱测试和紫外光谱测试可得出，QF-11对方铅矿的捕收能力较强、选择性较好，可在低碱条件和较简单的药剂制度下实现四川某铅锌硫化矿的浮选分离，且伴生银的回收率也较高，为该类铅锌硫化矿石的浮选分离提供了另一可选方案。关键词：铅锌分离；低碱度；QF-11；红外光谱；紫外光谱AbstractASichuanlead-zincorehadcomplexcomponents,leadandzincmineralsexisteddifferentdegreeofoxidation,andhadnonuniformitygranularity,itmadetheforthflotationseparationofleadandzincmineralsbecomedifficult.Thethesisaimedtofindoutanewagentwhichhasstrongcollectingabilityandgoodselectivityforleadmineralsunderlowalkalinityconditions,andachievetheseparationofsulfidelead-zincoreunderlowalkalinityconditions.Accordingtothesinglemineraltest,practicaloreflotationtest,infraredspectroscopytest,ultravioletspectrumtest,thethesismainlystudiedthemineralsforthflotationseparationandthemechanismofthereagent.Thesinglemineralteststudyshowedthatthethreereagents’galenacollectingabilityorderwasethylxanthateethylthiocarbamateQF-11,theselectivityorderwasQF-11ethylthiocarbamateehylxanthate.ThepracticaloreflotationteststudyshowedthatuseQF-11asleadcollector,CuSO4aszincactivatorandethylxanthateaszinccollector,theleadmineralprocessingsystemwasoncefirstconcentration,tripleconcentrationandoncescavenging,thezincmineralprocessingstytemwasoncefirstconcentration,tripleconcentrationandtwicescavenging,withtheprocessutilizedinthiswork,whentheorecontaining1.94%Pb,2.77%Znand160g/tAg,aleadconcentrateof60.67%Pbwitharecoveryof88.03%,containingsilver4668.35g/t,