从悬泉置壁书看新莽羲和纳言的职掌及相关问题.docVIP

从悬泉置壁书看新莽羲和、纳言的职掌及相关问题 　　内容摘要：始建国元年（9），新莽变革官制，置有九卿，其中六卿，据《汉书》所载，是以《尚书?尧典》为底本，更换前汉官称而来，即所谓“更名大司农曰羲和，后更为纳言；大理曰作士；太常曰秩宗；大鸿胪曰典乐；少府曰共工；水衡都尉曰予虞”。从出土汉简来看，《汉书》就此事的记载是不全面的。新莽羲和其实是由西汉大司农和汉末所置羲和合并而来，它既掌钱谷，也负责颁下诏令。而新莽秩宗本由西汉太常与宗正组成，新莽典乐与西汉大鸿胪的职掌亦颇有不同。整?w来看，这次调整实际上不仅涉及到名号，而且涉及到职掌与僚属，其变动是整体性的。相比西汉大司农、秩宗等六官，新莽六卿基本属于新事物。 　　关键词：新莽；《汉书》；羲和；纳言 　　中图分类号：K877.5 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-4106（2017）06-0147-06 　　On the Duties of Xihe and Nayan in the Xin Dynasty of Wang Mang and Other Related Issues Encountered in the Xuanquan Documents 　　DAI Guoxi 　　（School of History and Culture， Shandong University， Ji’nan， Shandong 250100） 　　Abstract：In the first year of the Xin dynasty， Wang Mang established nine official posts， six of which were inherited from the Han Dynasty and given new titles， according to the Book of Han： the Dasinong position was changed to Xihe， Dali to Shi， Taichang to Zhi， Dahonglu to Dianyue， Shaofu to Gonggong， and Shuihengduwei to Yuyu. In light of information found in wooden slips from the Han dynasty， it appears that the records about this event in the Book of Han are incomplete. For example， in the Xin dynasty， the official title Xihe was a combination of Dasinong from the early Western Han and the office of Xihe established at the end of the Western Han， which was not only in charge of managing money and food， but also in charge of issuing imperial edicts. The case was the same with the other five official posts； the adjustments made in the Xin dynasty not only changed the name of the six official posts but also the duties each was responsible for， thus creating six entirely new institutions. 　　Keywords：Wang Mang’s Xin dynasty； the Book of Han； Xihe； Nayan 　　始建国元年（9），王莽全面实施其复古改制的计划，变革官制，大更名号。中央官制，除建四辅、三公、四将等所谓十一公外，还置有九卿、六监。其九卿之中，有六卿。据《汉书?王莽传》载，是以《尚书?尧典》为底本，更换前汉官称： 　　更名大司农曰羲和，后更为纳言；大理曰作士；太常曰秩宗；大鸿胪曰典乐；少府曰共工；水衡都尉曰予虞，与三公司卿凡九卿，分属三公。[1] 　　《百官公卿表》亦叙及这一改称，内容基本相同。故从《汉书》的记载来看，王莽对这六卿的调整，似乎仅为名号的变更而已，并未涉及职掌的变化。对于这一问题，历来确实也是这样理解的[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]，不过，史实并没有那么简单。 　　一 　　如果稍作考究，