柔性关节机械臂及其运动学标定和振动抑制的分析-analysis of flexible joint manipulator and its kinematics calibration and vibration suppression.docx
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柔性关节机械臂及其运动学标定和振动抑制的分析-analysis of flexible joint manipulator and its kinematics calibration and vibration suppression
显变化。为消除姿态选择过程中可能选到的不可观测姿态,提出一种“交换-增加-交换”的方法对姿态组进行优化。基于最小测量姿态数量的机械臂运动学标定方法可以在标定的效率与精度上取得平衡,即用最少的时间得到较高的标定结果。采用关节轨迹离线优化的方法抑制柔性关节机械臂的残余振动。以引起残余振动的根源残余弹性势能为目标函数,提出带罚函数的压缩因子粒子群算法(ConstrictionfactorPSOwithPunishmentfunction,CPSOP)搜索对应最小残余弹性势能的关节轨迹,达到抑制残余振动的目的。为得到平滑的关节轨迹,减少机械臂在运动始末速度的冲击,设计了改进的分段三次样条函数作为关节轨迹函数。在关节轨迹的搜索过程中,如果不对轨迹控制点加以约束,可能会得到不安全的关节轨迹,这将有可能导致碰撞等危险情况的发生。而粒子群算法是一种无约束优化方法,无法实现对关节轨迹搜索范围的约束。本文将罚函数引入粒子群算法,将对关节轨迹控制点的约束通过罚因子的形式加入到目标函数,从而实现了在约束范围内的关节轨迹寻优。对于柔性关节机械臂运动过程中的振动,基于关节力矩传感器,提出振动预测准则,并通过三段式DKA(Decelerating-Keeping-Accelerating)在线轨迹修正法在检测到机械臂振动趋势时修正关节轨迹以减小该趋势,抑制机械臂将来可能发生的振动。该振动预测准则包含两个充分条件,分别是关节误差力矩大于力矩阈值以及在一定的时间阈值内检测到的误差力矩逐渐增大。关节误差力矩通过力矩传感器测量的关节实际力矩与动力学计算的关节理论力矩做差求得。当关节误差力矩满足预测准则的两个条件时,判断机械臂将发生振动。通过先减速、后匀速再加速的三段式在线轨迹修正法对关节初始期望轨迹进行修正,减小振动趋势,从而抑制机械臂运动过程中的振动。关键词:柔性关节机械臂;运动学参数标定;可观性指数;轨迹规划;振动抑制;粒子群算法AbstractLight-weightrobots,becauseoftheirlightweight,human-likeconfiguration,multi-sensoryandsoon,achievewidelyemploymentandplayveryimportantrolesinalotofspheresrecently.Attheaspectofendposeaccuracyimprovement,close-loopcontrolisalwayschosen.However,thoseendposeerrorsmadebythemanufacturingandassem-blingerrorscannotbeeliminatedbysuchcontrolmethod.Theseerrorscanbereducedthroughrobotkinematicparametercalibrationbasedonendposemeasurements.Besides,elasticelementslikeharmonicgearsandtorquesensorsarealwaysincludedinsidelight-weightrobotjointstogethigherloadweightratioanddetectjointtorque.Jointflexibilityisimportedsincetheseelasticelements.Lightweightrobotswithflexiblejointsareal-waysnamedflexiblejointrobot.Jointflexibilitywillcausevibration,andseriouslyaffectimplementsofrobot.Moreseriousproblemisthattheresidualvibrationcandamagethemeaningoftheendposeaccuracyimprovementmadebykinematiccalibration.Asare-sult,thisvibrationmustbesuppressed.Thispaperwillgiveadeepresearchonflexiblejointrobotanditskinematiccalibrationmethodandvibrationsuppression.Atfirst,a6degreesoffreedomflexiblejointrobotsystemwillbedeveloped,in-cludingmechanismsystem,sensorsystemandelectricalsystem.Specifically,age
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