中国民办高校治理结构转型困境分析.docVIP

中国民办高校治理结构的转型困境分析 　　摘要：随着我国民办高校从初创阶段开始转向提高、完善阶段，学校治理结构由不规范的董事会领导下的校长负责制向严格的董事会领导下的校长负责制转化就成为民办高校发展壮大的必然要求。然而，这种有利于组织效率改进的制度变迁却没有普遍发生，民办高校目前处于治理结构的转型困境。本文运用路径依赖理论，从初始产权结构、制度预期和传统文化等角度分析和揭示了民办高校治理结构转型困境的路径依赖效应，阐述了要超越和克服路径依赖，必须将注意力集中于发挥国家和高校管理者等制度变迁主体的积极作用，从而使民办高校治理结构脱离无效率的“锁定”状态，步入有效率的演进路径。 　　关键词：民办高校； 制度变迁； 治理结构； 路径依赖 　　中图分类号：Ｇ６４8.7文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１６７２－００５９（２００8）０2－００61－０5 　　 　　A Study on the Dilemma of the Transition of Governance Structure in 　　Chinese Private Higher Education Institutions in Transitional China 　　LIU Song 　　（Beijing City College, Beijing 100029, China） 　　Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：With the shift of the private institutions from the initial stage to the rapid development stage, it becomes necessary for private institutions to establish a rigorous board of directors so as to replace the previous board of non-standard. However, such institutional change has happened in some cases but not everywhere. The reality tells us it is extremely difficult to alter governance structure in private institutions. Through investgating previous studies, the author employing the Path Dependence theory, explains why the dilemma of the transition of governance structure in Chinese private insitutions has occurred. Three sources of path dependence are discussed, namely, the initial equity structure, Chinese traditional culture and the preference of entrepreneurs behavior. In order to promote a smooth transition, some suggestions are also brought forward for both the nation and managers of private institutions. 　　Ｋｅｙ ｗｏｒｄｓ： private higher education institutions; institutional change; governance structure；path dependence 　　 　　法人治理结构也叫公司治理结构（Corporate governance），公司治理结构问题是伴随着现代公司制度的建立而产生的，它是企业体制中最关键的组成部分之一。法人治理结构主要是指用于实现企业目标的一套制度安排，其关键在于明确而合理地配置公司股东、董事会、经理人员和其他利益相关者之间的权力、责任和利益，从而形成其有效的制衡关系，以保证效率的提高和公司目标的实现。[1]1 　　其实任何组织都有一个治理问题，当然学校也不例外。尤其是对于按照市场机制发展起来的民办高校，其治理结构的构建和完善对教育规律和经济规律的平衡起着关键性的作用。因此，对民办高校而言治理问题更显得重要和迫切，特别是目前民办高校正处在从初创阶段开始转向提高、完善阶段的关键时期，其内部治理结构的完善对于民办高校的进一步发展有着很强的推动作用。但值得注