TRIPS协议中药品专利保护与公共健康维护相关问题探析-法学理论专业论文.docxVIP

制定适合国情的药品专利制度；知识产权滥用行为的反垄断规制；有效利用“早期工 作例外”；合理利用强制许可；有限程度内利用药品平行进口措施；差别定价制度的长 远实施。非法律性措施有：争取 TRIPS 协议修正案、谅解议定书或决议的尽快形成； 合理利用慈善捐赠；发展中国家应增强药品研发与生产能力。通过这两方面的对策， 既为 WTO 成员方在遭受公共健康危机时提供了更多的药品获得途径，同时也尊重药品 专利权人的合法利益，能较好地使药品专利权和公共健康的维护达到相对的平衡。 第四部分，介绍了我国药品专利保护和公共健康维护的现状，认为我国药品专利 保护已达到 TRIPS 协议要求的标准，同时公共健康维护尚存在欠缺，药品专利保护与 公共健康维护的冲突也存在于我国国内。结合我国的国情，参照第三部分所提出的有 关对策，我国应着重在几方面做好工作：从法律对策角度来说，在国内立法上，我国 应制定适合国情的专利制度；在国际法规则的利用角度上，我国应关注已有的 TRIPS 协议争端案例，挖掘 TRIPS 协议的有利规则，并在 TRIPS 协议谈判中争取更多有利于 我国的权利；从非法律性措施角度来说，我国应提高药品研究和发明能力，此外还应 完善我国的公共健康预防体系。 本论文在前人研究的基础上，加深了药品专利权和公共健康维护冲突问题的研究， 主要体现在：1、对几起药品专利国际争端涉及的规则进行了深入的分析；2、对强制 许可的实施从实体和程序两方面提出了可行性建议；3、应在有限程度内使用平行进口 措施；4、对其他对策均作了一定的评析和建议。 关键词：TRIPS 协议；药品专利权；公共健康；强制许可；平行进口 Abstract Since TRIPS agreement came into force in 1995, it has made great efforts to protecting intellectual property rights. But in recent years, because the impact of infectious disease and patent right disputes of several medicines took place, the international community pays closer attention to protecting intellectual property and contradiction of social public interests. How to make social public interests safeguarded while protecting peoples private right of intellectual property right becomes one of the critical problem, so the international community pays more attention to it. Many developing members side appear question this origin point to TRIPS agreement, they consider that too much attention are put into private rights in this agreement and the public interests are ignored, so they call for revising TRIPS agreement. It is a problem of how to balance private right and public interests, which need to be solved by international community as soon as possible. Because of this, I attempt to carry on deep research to this problem. This text is divided into four parts.First part, generality has introduced the global and public health overall state at present at first; Secondly, take South Africa the medicines and relevant articles control amendments as an example Internati