明分而至平——荀子外王思想研究-on xunzis thought of.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 战国末期，随着宗法制的全面崩溃，社会所依赖的价值体系全面瓦解，周 礼也就成为历史，天下处于一种从思想、制度到政治现实全盘崩溃的局面。如何 适应战国时代的时代要求，建立一种新的社会规范来确立统治秩序，调整社会关 系，实现社会群体的和谐，成就富而好礼的社会，为当时社会政治提供一个新轨 道与新秩序，是时代最重要的课题。本文通过对荀子明分思想的产生、内容、方 法及价值理想的全面分析和阐述，指出荀子希望通过对“天人”、“人人”的明分 （fēn）与明分（fèn），通过解除人们在天人、社会价值等认识方面的“蔽”，通 过修养成为君子圣人，通过隆礼、重法、尚乐来规范、引导、陶冶人们的思想和 行为，最终确定天人、人人各自的位置，发挥各自的作用，使人获得一种安身立 命的确定性。只要人人都按照由“分”确定的“礼”的规定，明确各自在政治、 社会、家庭中的身分、角色和职分，各安其份，各得其位，并按照它去践行，那 么家庭、社会和国家就会维持稳定、秩序与和谐，最终实现“无不爱”、“无不敬”、 “无与人争”、“四海之内若一家”的天下至平的理想。 关键词：明分；性恶；礼义；至平；理想 II II Abstract In the late Warring States, with the total collapse of Patriarchal Clan System, the value system which the society relied on came to the thorough disintegration and Zhou Rite became the history. The thoughts, systems, and political reality of the whole society were to collapse completely. So how to meet the demands of the late Warring States dynasty, to build up new social norms in order to develop the rulling order and rearrange the social relationship, to realize the harmony of the social groups, to achieve the prosperous and courteous society, to provide a new trail and order for the social politics in that period became the most significant issue for the dynasty. This essay is to analyze and expound comprehensivly the emerging, contents, methods and ideal values of Tsunzis Clear-Division thoughts. It puts forward that Tsunzi raised the thoughts of clear-division and explicit-status of “Heaven-Human” and “person-person”. He hoped people to demask their insight on Heaven-Human and social values, to become a gentleman and sage by self-cultivation, to normalize, guide and edify their thoughts and behaviors by admiring rites, emphasizing laws and advocating music. Through all the above means, the status and relationship of Heaven-Human and person-person, the role they should play respectively would be determined finally. Hence people could achieve the insurance of settle-down value. So long as every person obeys the regularity of “rites” decided by their “status”, clari