作为民间记忆的中国独立纪录片分析——以云之南纪录影像展为例-analysis of chinese independent documentary as folk memory —— taking yunzhinan documentary video exhibition as an example.docxVIP
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作为民间记忆的中国独立纪录片分析——以云之南纪录影像展为例-analysis of chinese independent documentary as folk memory —— taking yunzhinan documentary video exhibition as an example
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摘 要
纪录片是影视媒介中具有文化魅力的样式。从纪录片我们得以观照自身, 认识世界。本文的研究对象是中国独立纪录片,于上世纪八十年代末在我国纪 录片领域出现。独立纪录片,是指创作者不依托于体制,独力筹措拍摄资金, 作者的创作理念不受任何外部因素的制约,能够自主自如的表达创作意图。发 轫于八十年代末的中国独立纪录片,与八十年代的社会文化背景有着深刻联系。 从这个意义出发,它们的出现,也被称为中国的新纪录运动。在梳理当代中国 的影像文化时,独立纪录片是我们不能忽略的重要一环。
中国独立纪录片早期的发展是艰难的。除了由个人筹措拍摄资金外,主要 的困境还在于它在国内几乎没有有效的传播方式。这些独立纪录片在国外频频 获奖,在国内却鲜有人知晓。而在九十年代末,也就是中国独立纪录片走过第 一个十年之后,这一困境有了改观。一些民间自发的观影组织在不同城市不约 而同的出现;2003 年,中国纪录片交流周、中国独立影像年度展、云之南纪录 影像展先后拉开了帷幕,与此同时,一些民间影像机构成立并开始运作。
本文对我国民间影像活动和机构的现状进行了梳理。通过资料的收集和整 理,呈现出民间影像活动的三个发展阶段,对当前民间影像活动的现状做了基 础性的归纳和研究。民间影像活动发展壮大的过程,也是独立纪录片的价值被 发现和传递的过程。这些来自民间影像活动和影像机构,为独立纪录片的发展 拓展了空间,成为独立纪录片发展的推动力。
基于独立纪录片在本世纪以来的发展,本文选取目前国内最具影响力的纪 录片影展、独立纪录片最大的展示和交流平台——云之南纪录影像展为例,并 以四届云之南纪录影像展的竞赛单元入围作品为样本,通过对创作者群体和作 品分析,勾勒出独立纪录片近年来的发展状况。
最后,本文借用社会记忆的概念和理论,说明中国独立纪录片呈现了来自 民间视角的社会现实,这是一种有别于官方也有别于主流的记忆形式。它挖掘 普通人在历史中的存在感,构建了多元视角的历史话语空间。中国独立纪录片 为我们留存了一份宝贵的民间记忆。
关键词:独立纪录片 民间记忆 云之南
Abstract
Documentary is a charming cultural style in the fields of film and television media. By documentary we are able to understand the world as well as ourselves. Topic of this paper is independent documentary starting from the late eighties of last century in the field of documentary in China. Directors of independent documentaries do not rely on the system, and raise funds independently. Their creative ideas will not be restricted by any external factors, so they can easily express their own intentions. Beginning in the late eighties, the Chinese independent documentaries have profound social and cultural ties with the eighties. In this sense, they are known as the New Documentary Movement in China. Independent documentary plays an important role in China’s development of film and television.
The early development of Chinas independent documentary is difficult. In addition to financing funds by individuals, the main difficulty is that it has no effective way of broadcasting in China. These independent documentaries frequently win awards abroad, but they are rarely known in China. In the lat
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