果实负载量对黄瓜生长产量及干物质生产和分配影响.docVIP

果实负载量对黄瓜生长产量及干物质生产和分配影响 　　摘 要： 以荷兰型短黄瓜为试材，在现代化温室栽培条件下，研究了不同果实负载对黄瓜植株生长、产量以及干物质生产和分配的影响。结果表明，每3节留2个瓜的处理和每5节留3个瓜的处理的植株高度、叶片数量和根、茎、叶干质量都明显大于对照（每节留1个瓜的处理），但果实干质量小于对照。每5节留3个瓜处理的根、茎、叶干质量大于每3节留2个瓜的处理。从干物质分配率来看，对照的果实干物质分配率最多，为54.26%，每5节留3个瓜处理中果实干物质分配率最低，为42.95%。随着果实去除数量的增加，植株高度、叶片数量和叶面积也随之加大。果实的去除直接造成单株产量和单株结瓜数量下降，同时，畸形瓜比例也明显下降。因此，适当的去除果实可以增加植株的长势，虽然单株产量有所降低，但提高了商品瓜率。 　　关键词： 黄瓜； 果实负载； 生长； 产量； 干物质生产与分配 　　Abstract： The effects of different fruit load on the growth，synthesis and distribution of dry matter of cucumber plants under the condition of modern greenhouse cultivation were studied. The results indicated that the plant height，leaf numbers，leaf area，dry weight of root，stem and leaf in the treatment of 2 fruits preserved among 3 leaf axils and the treatment of 3 fruits preserved among 5 leaf axils were higher than CK（the treatment of 1 fruit preserved at each leaf axils），but the dry weight of fruit was lower than CK. The dry weight of root，stem and leaf in the treatment of 3 fruits preserved among 5 leaf axils was higher than those in the treatment of 2 fruits preserved among 3 leaf axils. According to the partition rate of dry matter，the partition rate of fruit dry matter was highest in the 3 treatments，which reached up to 54.26%，the partition rate of fruit dry matter in the treatment of 3 fruits preserved among 5 leaf axils was the lowest（42.95%）. The more removal fruits，the larger of the plant height，leaf number and leaf area of cucumber. The fruit removing directly caused yield and fruit number of per plant decreasing，meanwhile，the rate of abnormal fruit decreased obviously. Therefore，removing fruit properly reduced the yield of per plant，but it also enhanced the plant growth，which improved the rate of commodity fruit in the production of cucumber. 　　Key words： Cucumber； Fruit load； Growth； Yield； Dry matter production and partition 　　以果实为产品的作物，产量的高低主要取决于叶片（源）的同化产物最终在果实（库）内积累量的多少。前人对小麦、大豆、玉米[1-3]等作物的研究认为，源库间存在着密切的关系，既相互制约又相互促进。然而蔬菜作物的源库制约程度远不止上述作物，如番茄摘除果穗[4]，菜豆摘