长期定位施肥对山东潮土有效磷及磷库演变规律影响.docVIP

长期定位施肥对山东潮土有效磷及磷库演变规律影响 　　摘要：为研究长期定位施肥对土壤磷素的影响，在山东潮土区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作制度下，通过连续33年的长期定位施肥试验，研究土壤有效磷变化、磷库的演变及两者比值（PAC）的变化关系。试验设8个处理：不施肥（CK）、氮（N）、氮磷（NP）、氮钾（NK）、磷钾（PK）、氮磷钾（NPK）、减量氮磷钾（N15PK）和增量氮磷钾（N25PK），同时设置8种不同施肥模式下增施有机肥处理。结果表明，对于土壤全磷、有效磷及PAC值，增施有机肥处理高于不施有机肥处理，施用磷肥处理高于不施磷肥处理；随着年限增加，不施磷肥和只施化学磷肥由于作物吸收、养分流失及形态转化等原因导致土壤磷库有所减小，而增施有机肥处理保持稳定；对于PAC值变化，不施有机肥处理随年限增加而降低，增施有机肥处理随年限增加而增加，PAC值总体较低，与土壤性质有关。综合来看，化学磷肥配施有机肥更能有效地提高土壤磷含量，保证磷素的供应，这为潮土区施肥管理和土壤培肥提供科学依据。 　　关键词：长期定位施肥；潮土；全磷；有效磷；磷库；活化系数 　　中图分类号：S158.2文献标识号：A文章编号：1001-4942（2017）12-0059-09 　　Abstract To study the effects of long-term located fertilization on soil phosphorus， the changes of soil available phosphorus （Olsen-P）， the evolution of soil total phosphorus （TP） and the ratio change of Olsen-P to TP （PAC） were studied by 33-year fertilization experiments in winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in Shandong fluvo-aquic soil. Eight treatments were designed as no fertilization （CK）， nitrogen fertilizer （N）， nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer （NP）， nitrogen and potassium fertilizer （NK）， phosphate and potassium fertilizer （PK）， nitrogen-phosphate-potassium fertilizer （NPK）， reduced NPK fertilizer （N15PK）， increased NPK fertilizer （N25PK）. At the same time， eight organic fertilizer added treatments were designed based on the application of inorganic fertilizer same as the above ones. The results showed that TP， Olsen-P and PAC of organic fertilizer added treatments were higher than those without organic fertilizer， and those of the treatments adding phosphate fertilizer were higher than those of no phosphate fertilizer. With the increase of years， soil P pool reduced due to crop absorption， nutrient loss and morphological transformation and other causes under the treatments of without and only phosphate fertilizer， while remained stable under the treatments adding organic fertilizer. The PAC values were generally lower in fluvo-aquic soils， and it could be improved by the application of organic fertilizer. On the whole， the app