黄瓜不同发育时期抗冷特性研究.docVIP

黄瓜不同发育时期抗冷特性研究 　　摘要：试验表明，低温条件下黄瓜幼苗期叶片中叶绿素含量、叶片的光合速率、蒸腾强度均能保持较高的水平，对低温不敏感，有一定的适应能力，细胞膜受低温伤害较轻，膜脂过氧化程度较低，膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量较低，电解质渗漏率较小；渗透调节物质可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量大幅度提高，增强了细胞的渗透调节能力，增加了植物组织束缚水的含量，由于增强了持水力，降低了冰点，从而提高了植株的抗冷性。初花期的黄瓜植株对低温很敏感，膜脂过氧化程度加强，细胞膜受到严重伤害，电解质渗漏率增大，代谢功能急剧下降，尤其光合作用下降明显，严重影响了黄瓜植株的生长发育及以后产量的形成。结果期黄瓜植株抗寒能力明显下降，可能与植株衰老、代谢机能衰退有关。 　　关键词：黄瓜；抗冷特性；发育时期 　　中图分类号：S642.2；Q945.78；Q945.11 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114(2008)05-0544-05 　　 　　Cold Tolerance of the Cucumber in Different Development Period 　　GUO Feng-ling1，LU Yu-hua2，DAI Zhao-yi1 　　(1.Institute of Economic Crop of Hubei Academy of Agricultural Science，Wuhan 430064，China； 　　2. Horticultural Institute of Shandong Agricultural University，Taian 271018，Shandong，China) 　　Abstract：Experiment result indicated that the content of chlorophyll，photosynthesis，rate of transpiration of young cucumber seedling under low temperature condition could keep higher level. Cell membrane was hurt slightly by low temperature. MDA content was lower. The rate of electrolyte seepage was smaller. Dissolubility sugar and proline content increased. These all strengthened the regulating ability of penetration，raised the anti-cold ability of the plant. The cucumber plant during the flowering period was very sensitive to the low temperature，the cell membrane was hurt seriously，electrolyte seepage rate increased，metabolism functionh decreased sharply，photosynthesis decreased obviously. These influenced seriously the growth of the cucumber plant and the formation of the yield. The anti-cold ability of the cucumber plant during the fruit period decreased obviously，which probably related to plant decrepitude. 　　Key words：cucumber；anti-cold characteristic；development period 　　 　　在我国保护地蔬菜生产中，黄瓜是主要的蔬菜种类之一。黄瓜是喜温蔬菜，起源于亚热带，对低温反应敏感，因此保护地生产中最大的生产障碍就是经常出现低温冷害，这对产量和质量影响很大。黄瓜的耐冷力与低温冷害有直接的关系，而耐冷力的强弱则是黄瓜长期适应环境形成的，并受遗传因素控制的一种生理特性，不同品种间存在着差异。另一方面，有生命的生物体必须具有对外部环境条件敏感并对外部环境因子有生理反应的能力，才能维持其稳定的生长。在低温条件下，黄瓜是通过形态变化、生理生化反应和代谢功能的改变来提高对逆境的适应能力的。有关黄瓜低温冷害的研究越来越多，包括黄瓜在低温条件下