交错环链补中不可压缩曲面的性质-基础数学专业论文.docxVIP

交错环链补中不可压缩曲面的性质交错环链补中不可压缩曲面的性质 交错环链补中不可压缩曲面的性质 交错环链补中不可压缩曲面的性质 研究生：杨盛武 指导教师：韩友发 学科专业 ：基础数学 中文摘要 本文讨论了交错环链补中的不可压缩、分段不可压缩曲面的性质．设三是S3中的一 个交错环链，将三投影到S2上，三的每个交叉点都对应一个“bubble”，用来体现工 的交叉点性质．如果￡有n个交叉点，则投影图就有珂个“bubb比”与之对应，从而在 S3中构造了2个二维球面霹和受．设F是∥一L中的不可压缩、分段不可压缩曲面， 并且处于一般位置，则FN跹是一组简单闭曲线，而F与每个“bubble”交于一个 马鞍形圆盘．称这组曲线和所有的马鞍形圆盘是曲面F的拓扑图，记为r．设C是拓扑 图丁的任意一条简单闭曲线，若在跹(或跹)上存在圆盘D，使得OD=C，且D的 内部不与丁的其他曲线相交，则称拓扑图r是简单的．如果拓扑图r存在一组房间，使 得在该组房间中取出有限个进行图11和图12的变换得到的新图仍然是简单的，则称r 是特殊简单的，并且该组房间称为特殊房间族．本文通过讨论Fng的性质刻画了曲面 的性质．设上是素的约化交错环链，FcS3一L是带边的曲面，而且每个边界分支都合 痕于三的子午线．若F是不可压缩、分段不可压缩曲面，并且F(F)是特殊简单的，则 曲面F的亏格是零． 关键词；交错环链，不可压缩曲面，分段不可压缩曲面，亏格 交错环链补中不可压缩曲面的性质Abstract 交错环链补中不可压缩曲面的性质 Abstract In this paper，we deal with incompressible，pair wise incompressible surfaces in alternating complements．Let三be alternating link in S3 and Let￡ project S2 except crossings of L where L lies bubble．If the projective diagram S2 has”crossings。then there 8rebubbles．Thus constructed 2-spheres surfaces奠and受by the properties of the link．Let ，be incompressible and pair wise incompressible surface in S’一三，there is collection of simple closed when the surface F is in standard position，F meet each hall bounded by bubble in saddle shaped discs，this set of and all the saddle shaped discs is call the topological graph of surface F denoted by T．hssⅦne C is any simple closed of topological graph 丁．If there exist Sj(orS2)on the disk D，such that aD=C，and the inner of D does not intersect with the other of T．We call it is simple。If T exist group of that the graph getting by taking the transformation of figure 11 and figure 12 to finite groups of graphs is still simple one．It is called special simple and the group of is called sDecial．The surfaces described by discussing the properties of F n篷．Let 三be prime and irreducible and alternating link，F c S3一L is surface with boundary，whose every boundary component is isotopic to the meridians of L，if F be an incompressible and pair wise incompressible surface，and r(F) is special simple，The genu