飞行原理PPT课件 10.0 高速空气动力学基础.pptVIP

* * * * The High-Speed CP： The position of the centre of pressure (CP) during transonic flight is determined by the angle of attack and therefore is speed dependent. At Mach 0.75 the CP is located at approximately 20% of the length of the chordline from the leading edge of the aerofoil. As the speed increases the CP moves progressively aft, increasing the longitudinal static stability and requiring an increasing amount of nose-up pitch input of the stabiliser, at Mach 1.0 the CP is at approximately 45% of the MAC from the leading edge, until at Mach 1.4 the CP positioned at approximately 50% of the length of the chordline from the leading edge of the aerofoil. For swept-wing aeroplanes this rearward movement of the CP restricts their maximum speed. Transferring fuel between tanks to move the CG can generate a correcting moment that counteracts the rearward movement of the CP. However, this method is limited because as the flight progresses and the fuel is used, although the aeroplane mass decreases enabling it to travel faster, there is less fuel available for transference to move the CG and counteract the effect of the movement of the CP. * * * * * * * * * * * * * Χ:chi * * Z表示展向位置 * T3 – 31:19 E:\IBM_E\NUAA\教学\Introduction to Aeronautics\Frontiers.Of.Flight-03-The.Atlantic.And.The.World.avi * bow wave 头波，冲击波,涡流 * 人耳能听到的频率为20 — 20000 Hertz 介质 波速 空气 332 纯水 1490 盐水 1531 橡胶 30～50 软木 480 铜 3800 铁 4900 * F=9C/5+32(C=摄氏气温） * Sinμ=1/M Actual Mach Semi-Apex Deflection Angle 1.00 90? 1.15 60? 1.41 45? 2.00 30? * 比如密度减小1%，速度增加2%，为保证质量守恒，截面积需减小！ * * a=dV/dt=(dV/dx)(dx/dt)=(dV/dx)V * 飞机开始产生局部激波所对应的飞行马赫数称为临界马赫数。临界马赫数或临界速度是亚音速飞行和跨音速飞行的分界点。 * * * * 激波分为正激波和斜激波。 波面与气流方向垂直的激波，叫正激波。 空气流过正激波，压力、密度和温度都突然升高，流速由超音速降为亚音速，但气流方向不变。在同一马赫数下，正激波是最强的激波。 波面沿气流方向倾斜的激波，叫斜激波。 空气通过斜激波，压力、密度和温度也要突然升高，但不象通过正激波那样强烈，流速降低，可能降为亚音速，也可能仍为超音速。通过斜激波后气流方向要向外转折。 * 当湿度大的空气受到压缩时，空气中的水就会液化。 水蒸气不光在温度变化下会液化成为水珠，在高压强下也会液化，于是在马