呼吸系统疾病英文.ppt

扩散和转移 1、直接蔓延 肺内支气管、肺门、纵隔、心包 胸膜、横膈 喉返神经、食管 2、淋巴道播散 肺门、纵隔、隆突下、气管旁LN 横膈、腹腔、腹主动脉旁LN 胸膜淋巴渗透 扩散和转移 3、血道转移 脑、肾上腺、骨、肝、对侧肺 鳞癌：直接蔓延、淋巴道转移 腺癌、未分化癌：血道转移、淋巴道转移 治疗 非小细胞癌：手术首选 小细胞癌：放、化疗－手术－放、化疗 组织发生 鳞癌：基底细胞鳞化－－不典型增生－ 腺癌：支气管上皮、腺上皮、 Clara细胞、肺泡Ⅱ型上皮 干细胞学说（Gazdar）： 干细胞－－分化潜能的－－保持（大细胞癌） 恶性细胞 －－鳞状分化（鳞癌） （大细胞）－－腺状分化（腺癌） －－神经内分泌分化 （小细胞癌） （多种成分、小细胞癌鳞化、型间转化、标记） Questions Please describe differences among lobar,lobular and interstitial pneumonia Please describe the morphology of chronic bronchitis. What lesions it can develop to? And describe the morphology characteristics of them. * ? Right bronchus diverging at a lesser angle, foreign material more frequently aspirated ? Lobar, segmental, lobular * * Remarksg 1. Respiratory system is communicating with external enviroment, so it is susceptible to the diseases. 2. All blood from the body will pass through the lung and the biological pathogens and embolus can be trapped in the lung. 3. The lung is closely related to the heart, not only by their location but also by the pulmonary circulation. 4. The diseases specific to the lung (e.g damage to the wall of bronchial tree, obstruction of bronchioles and disintegration of alveolar/ capillary membrane) * Resulting from an initial infection of the bronchi and bronchioles with extension into the adjacent alveoli ? A purulent inflammation ? A patchy distribution of inflammation that generally involves more than one lobe ? Most frequently bilateral and basal * A group of diseases in which fundamental disorder is the increase resistance to respiratory airflow caused by diseases affecting the conducting airway and/or lung parenchyma * Mucous epithelium injured and metaplasia interfering of cilia movement Inflammation extending, hypersecretion of mucous glands, smooth muscle and elastic fibers injured Mucus plugging and thickening of bronchioles res