外文翻译辅助监管儿童的游乐场设计.docxVIP

2000单词，10400英文字符,3200字 文献出处：Hudson S, Thompson D, Olsen H. designing playgrounds to help those supervising children.[J]? Parks Recreation, 2003:88-93? 本 科生毕 业设计 外文翻译 （2014 届） 夕卜文题目： Designing playgroimds to help those supervising children 译文题目：辅助监管儿童的游乐场设计 题 目： 学生姓名： 学 号： 专业班级： 系 名: 指导教师： 职称： 讲师 原文: Designing playgrounds to help those supervising children. Playgrounds have been an integral part of public parks and recreation from the start of the movement in the late 1800s. In fact, the first professional organization of municipal recreation professionals was called the Playground Association of America. The importance of these early playgrounds is well documented in the writings of the early leaders of the field, including Joseph Lee, Henry Curtis and Luther Gulick. An integral part of these playgrounds was not only the equipment, but also the supervision that was provided? Joseph Lee noted the importanee of supervision when he observe that Bostons playgrounds werent used to nearly their full capacity owing to a lack of supervision. Without supervision, it seemed to Lee, the bigger boys broke up constructive play. Over the years, public playgrounds have continued to be a mainstay in parks. However, unlike the early playgrounds, the majority of park and recreation agencies have foregone the expense of providing supervisors for these play spaces. Instead, they rely on adults who may accompany children to these areas to provide supervision. Because most adults are ill-prepared to provide supervision, its not surprising that the lack of proper supervision is cited as a contributing factor in 40 percent of all playground injuries? The lack of adequate supervision on playgrounds puts public park and recreation departments in a dilemma? On the one hand, the public pressures agencies to provide playgrounds; on the other hand, providing these play spaces without adequate supervision places children at risk and poses a liability exposure to publicplayground owners in