变质反应和变质带.ppt

第十八章、变质反应和变质带 岩石在变质过程中最主要的变化是矿物成分的变化，而矿物成分变化都是通过特定的化学反应实现的。这种发生在变质作用条件下的化学反应称作变质反应（metamorphic reaction）。 d (△G)=0=△VdP－△SdT△G为反应的吉布斯自由能的变化；△S为反应的熵变；△V为反应的摩尔体积变化。dP/dT=△S/△V。这就Clausius-Clapeyron方程。 一、变质反应的基本类型 1． 纯固相之间的反应 反应物和生成物是化学成分不同的纯固相矿物。： 1）. 多形转变 2）. 固溶体的出溶 3）. 纯固相之间的反应 NaAlSi2O6+SiO2=NaAlsi3O8 Jd（硬玉） Q Ab 2. 脱水反应 KAl2[Alsi3O10](OH)2+SiO2=KAlSi3O8+Al2SiO5+H2O Ms（白云母） Q Or(正长石) Als(铝硅酸盐) 流体相参加的反应中，ΔS/ΔV都受P、T的影响, ΔS/ΔV不是一个常数 P-T phase diagram for the reaction Ms + Qtz = Kfs + Al2SiO5 + H2O showing the shift in equilibrium conditions as pH2O varies (assuming ideal H2O-CO2 mixing). Calculated using the program TWQ by Berman (1988, 1990, 1991). Winter (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice Hall. 二、连续反应和交换反应 Q+Cc=Wo+CO2 不连续反应（discontinuous reaction） 3(Mg, Fe)2Al4Si5O18=2(Mg, Fe)3Al2Si3O12+4Al2SiO5+5SiO2 Crd(堇青石) Gt(石榴石) Sil Q Solid-Solid Net-Transfer Reactions When solid-solution is limited, solid-solid net-transfer reactions are discontinuous reactions Discontinuous reactions tend to run to completion at a single temperature (at a particular pressure) There is thus an abrupt (discontinuous) change from the reactant assemblage to the product assemblage at the reaction isograd Discontinuous reaction: f + 1 and XLiq fixed Discontinuous reactions occur at a constant grade Chl + Ms + Qtz ? Grt + Bt + H2O (26-11) in KFASH F = C – f + 2 = 5 – 4 + 2 = 1 Continuous Reactions Chl + Ms + Qtz ? Grt + Bt + H2O (26-11) in KFMASH were a continuous reaction, then we would find chlorite, muscovite, quartz, biotite, and garnet all together in the same rock over an interval of metamorphic grade above the garnet-in isograd The composition of solid solution phases vary across the interval, and the proportions of the minerals changes until one of the reactants dis