牛津高中英语模块四 情态动词.docVIP

情态动词 情态动词类型： 只作情态动词：must, can(could), may(might), ought to 可作情态动词也可作实义动词：need, dare 可作情态动词，也可作助动词：shall(should), will(would) 情态动词分别讲解 1.Must 1)“必须，一定要” 可用于肯定句，表示说话人的主观意志，否定句表示禁止听话人干某事，疑问句中表示征求听话人意见，是否必要做某事。 We must be confident in ourselves. You mustn’t smoke in the classroom. --Must we hand in our exercise in class? --Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t/ don’t have to. 2)表推测，“必然，必定”只用于肯定句，不用于疑问否定句中。 (1) 现在的肯定推测：must do He must be mad. (2) 现在正在进行的动作：must be doing They must be waiting for us. (3）过去的肯定推测：must have done The door is locked. They must have left. 3)“偏要，硬要”表示不耐烦。 Must you smoke here? 2.Can 1)“能，会”强调人和动物所具有的能力。 Ducks can swim. I can speak English. 2)“可以，许可”You can smoke here. 3)表示事物发生的可能性，表“推测”。 肯定句：理论上、客观上的可能性。Jiangsu can be warm in July. 疑问句或否定：具体事实的可能性。表示疑惑，惊讶或者不相信的意思。How can he be rude to you? 3.Could 1)can的过去式：“可能，许可”He told me that he could lift more than 100 kilograms. The teacher tome me that I could hand in my homework later. 2)could提要求，比can更委婉。 --Could I …? –Yes, you can. –Can you…? --Yes, I can. 3)对过去情况的推测：could （not）have done : (1)对当时情况推测：（当时可能/ 不可能） You could have hurt someone.(有可能做了，也有可能没做) (2)虚拟（对过去）（本来可以/ 不可以） I could have gone to help you. Why didn’t you ask me?(本来可以却没做) 4.May 1)许可，允许： You may join us in the game. 注意否定回答：--May I smoke here? --No, you can’t/ mustn’t./ --No, you’d better not/ I’m afraid not. 2)可能。不用于疑问句。You’d better take a map with you, or you may lose your way. 注意：May he is innocent of the robbery?(错，换成can/ could) 3)may have done: 推测，不用于疑问句。也没有虚拟意味。 Our teacher may have mistaken my mother for my sister.(可能性) 5.Could 1)作may 的过去式。表过去的“许可，允许”用于间接引语。 He asked “Can/ May I sit down?” He asked if he could sit down. 2)对现在情况推测，可能性比may 小。He might be here on time, but I am not sure. 3)用于疑问，客气委婉的提出请求。 --Might I come in? --Yes, you may. 4)might have done= could have done对过去事情的推测，可能做了。还可用于虚拟 He might have got caught in the shower. You might have persuaded him