时间副词在对外汉语教学中的语用意义分析及教学设计.pdfVIP

摘要 时间副词在现代汉语中的位置极其重要，是语法界重点研究的一类词，也是留 学生学习的重难点。时间副词除了具有基本的语法意义，它们特殊的语用意义也是 我们重点研究的对象。语用意义是说话人在实际言语交际中意欲表达的意义，或是 听话者根据交际目的成功推断出的言外之意，它是临时产生的，用法比较灵活、复 杂，具有十分重要的研究价值。笔者在与留学生日常交流中以及在泰国从事汉语教 学工作期间发现，汉语学习者对时间副词在一定语境下的言外之意并不能完全理解， 往往会因为理解偏误影响日常交际。 鉴于此，本文选取了时间副词作为研究对象，首先对时间副词进行界定与分类， 然后结合与汉语学习者的日常交流及自己的教学实践，举例对时长类、时态类、频 率类的时间副词语义特征进行分析；然后从语用学的角度，分析它们的语用意义， 以期对留学生准确理解时间副词在一定情境下的言外之意有所帮助。最后以时间副 词 “就”和 “才”为例，进行对外汉语教学设计，提出汉语教学中有关时间副词语 用意义的教学方法。 本论文旨在通过选取具有代表性的时间副词，进行其言外之意的分析，让汉语 学习者正确理解时间副词表达出的语用意义，提高他们的交际能力。 关键词：对外汉语教学；时间副词；语用意义；教学策略 Abstract The position of time adverbs is very important in modern Chinese. It is one of the most important words in grammar field. In addition to the basic grammatical meaning of time adverbs, their special pragmatic meaning is the focus of our study. The so-called pragmatic meaning of a word is the meaning intended to be expressed by the speaker in actual verbal communication, or the illocutionary meaning successfully inferred by the listener according to the communicative purpose. It is temporary and its usage is flexible and complex, so it is of great research value. In daily communication with international students and during Chinese teaching in Thailand, the author found that students did not understand the implied meaning of time adverbs in a certain context, and their misunderstandingoften affectedtheir daily communication. In view ofthis,thispaper selectstime adverbsastheresearch object.First,it defines and classifies time adverbs, and gives examples to analyze the semantic features of time adverbs of time class, tense class and frequency class. Then, from the perspective of pragmatics,through thedaily communication with Chinese learnersand Chineseteaching, a large number of examples of time adverbs are given, and their pragmatic meanings are analyzed, so as to help international students accurately understand th