医学免疫学课件B cell (2015).ppt

* The lectin-like receptor CD94 is a characteristic marker of human NK cells, but is also found on a subset of Tc cells. It covalently assembles with different members of NKG2 family which has six members (NKG2A-F) . If CD94 is bound to NKG2A which has intracellular domains carrying ITIM motifs (immunoreceptor tyrosine inhibitory motif), then it is an inhibitory receptor, which blocks NK cell mediated cyototoxicity. By contrast, If CD94 is bound to NKG2C which lack ITIMs, instead of a charged lysine(K) in the transmembrane segment which is associated with signal transduction, then it is an activating receptor for NK cells. There is the second group of NK cell receptors which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily such as KIR2D(CD158) and KIR3D. * NK cells have two types of surface receptor that control their cytotoxic activity. One type is an activating receptor which recognize a wide variety of carbohydrate ligands present on many cells. The ligation of this receptor triggers killing of the NK cell. A second set of receptors are inhibitory receptors which recognize MHCI molecules and inhibit activation, prevent normal host cells from killing. The function of NK cells is to recognize and kill virus infected cells and tumor cells. The mechanism of recognition is not fully understood but involves both activating and inhibitory receptors. NK cells have two types of surface receptor that control their cytotoxic activity. One type is an activating receptor: it triggers killing by the NK cell. Several types of receptor provide this activation signal, including calcium-binding C-type lectins that These inhibitory receptors are specific for MHC class I alleles. * NK cells do not kill normal cells. Because the ligation of KIR can deliver an inhibitory signal to NK cells which block the activating signal from ligation of KAR. Then NK cell disassociates from target cell. Figure 2.42. Possible mechanisms by which NK cells distinguish infected from uninfected