医学免疫学课件innate immunity 2015.ppt

天然免疫系统的组成： 屏障作用： ①体表屏障：物理、化学、生物屏障； ②内部屏障：血脑屏障、血胎屏障 天然免疫细胞： ①吞噬细胞：中性粒细胞、单核/巨噬细胞； ②淋巴细胞：gdT细胞、B-1细胞、NKT； ③其他：DC、 肥大细胞、粒细胞、上皮细胞 参与天然免疫的分子： 补体、溶菌酶、抗菌肽、炎症介质、NO、活性氧、白三烯等。 * * The Gram-positive cell wall appears as dense layer typically composed of numerous rows of peptidoglycan, and molecules of lipoteichoic acid, wall teichoic acid and surface proteins. The Gram-negative cell wall is composed of a thin, inner layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane consisting of molecules of phospholipids, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), lipoproteins and sutface proteins. The lipopolysaccharide consists of lipid A and O polysaccharide. glycophosphoinositol(GPI):磷脂糖肌醇 * Alarmins should restore * 其中Toll家族分子尤其引人注目。自1997年报道第一个哺乳动物TLR分子以来，该领域的工作进展迅速，且论文多发表于高水平杂志。迄今为止的大部分工作集中在TLRs对病原微生物及其产物的识别，为揭示TLR介导的PAMP识别及激活机制提供了大量的根据， Toll样受体因其胞外段与一种果蝇蛋白Toll同源而得名。 * Functionally, PRMs can be divided into four types: (i) humoral components circulating in the plasma such as acute phase response proteins or complement that opsonize microbes or derivatives thereof marking them for recognition by other receptors; (ii) endocytic receptors expressed on the cell surface like scavenger receptors (SRs) or lectin receptors which directly can bind structures on microbial surfaces; (iii) opsonic phagocytic receptors (Fc and complement receptors [CR]) that recognize antibody and complement-coated particles; and (iv) PRMs such as TLRs and NLRs, which posses the intrinsic capability of converting the information gleaned from recognition of a pathogen to elicit specific downstream signaling events. Helicase(解旋酶） * * Phosphorylcholine fibrinogen * Glycoprotein molecules known as endocytic pattern-recognition receptors are found on the surface of phagocytes. They are so named because they recognize and bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns - molecular components associated with microorganisms but not found as a part of eukaryotic cells. These include bacterial molecules such as peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic