医学免疫学课件Ig（重点章节）.ppt

C1q至少两个头结合了才可以发生变构，激活 一个IgG只有一个补体结合位点，所以需要至少两个IgG 一个sIgM有5个补体结合位点，所以一个sIgM就可以激活补体 cleave裂解 pentameric五聚物的 staple * 吞噬细胞：中性粒细胞、单核巨噬细胞、 * 这个是促进杀伤，而调理作用是促进吞噬。 * 具有ADCC效应的细胞：中性粒细胞、噬酸性粒细胞、NK细胞、巨噬细胞四种。这些要记住。一定记住胞毒T细胞不是ADCC效应细胞 lytic促使细胞溶解的 perforin穿孔素 * Opiate[??p??t]? n. 鸦片制剂；麻醉剂；镇静剂 ；media ；vancomycin[,v??k?ma?s?n]万古霉素 ；tryptase[tripteis]?类胰蛋白酶 ；arachidonic adj. 花生四烯酸 ；leukotrienes[,ljuk?utri?nz]白细胞三烯 ； * * IgM, because of large size, is mainly found in the blood and, to a lesser extent范围 , the lymph. The other isotypes同种型 of antibody IgG, IgA and IgE are smaller in size and diffuse easily out of the blood into the tissue. IgG is the principal isotype in the blood and extracellular fluid within the body, whereas IgA is the principal isotype in secretions across epithelia of the intestinal and respiratory tracts, including breast milk. IgE is present only at low levels in blood or extracellular fluid, but is bound avidly by receptors on mast cells that are found just beneath the skin and mucosa, and along blood vessels in connective tissue. IgG and IgM predominate占主导（或支配）地位 in plasma血浆 , whereas IgG and monomeric单体的 IgA are the major isotypes in extracellular fluid within the body. Dimeric二聚的 IgA predominates in secretions across epithelia, including breast milk. The fetus?胎儿 receives IgG from the mother by transplacental transport. IgE is found mainly associated with mast cells just beneth epithelial surfaces (especially of the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin). The brain is normally devoid of immunoglobulin. IgE有嗜细胞性，一分泌出来就被细胞吸附。 半衰期最长（20-23天）：对临床有意义。 IgG3和IgG1各种功能都比较强 常常用SPA来提纯IgG抗原。（先将SPA吸附在柱上） * * 膜分子抗体和分泌性抗体是同一基因编码的，由于剪接不同，形成不同的分子。就多了一个跨膜段。 所以B细胞表达什么样的BCR就分泌什么样的分泌抗体。 cytoplasm 刚分泌的IgA是单体。 分泌片前体就是poly－IgR 分泌片是在粘膜上皮细胞中合成的。 * * 过敏原将两个IgE交联起来后会导致各种各样的生物活性物质释放，导致超敏反应。 * Large parasites such as worms cannot be ingested by phagocytes; However, when the worm is coated with antibody, especially IgE, eosinophils can attack it through thei