《新研究生英语》教参 Unit 1 教参.docVIP

Answers for Text A and Text B Text A: Why teach research ethics? II word study (1) Choose an appropriate word or phrase from the list above for each blank. Make changes when necessary. meticulous 2. protocol 3. albeit 4. embroiled 5. plagiarism efficacy 7.adjudicates 8. infringement 9. incorporated 10. sanction III. Cloze B 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. A 10. C IV. Translation 1. 学术不端并不是能够简单评价的问题。其中一个重要问题是，在科学领域里，对于什么样的行为有违伦理标准，应当受到惩罚，仍然模棱两可。工程，法律，和医学领域对道德行为的定义有明确的书面指导原那么。虽然某些特别复杂的案例会挑战这些原那么的底线，但多数原那么具有指导意义。科学研究也并不提供书面的行为准那么。联邦政府和私人机构一直试图说明学术不端行为的裁定标准，比方一些描述科研不端行为的核心定义，包括编造，篡改和等等。然而这些行为容易与包含“可疑行为〞在内的其他不太确定的类别相互混淆。这些混淆的定义让学生和教职人员也不是很清楚他们到底承当哪些责任和义务？ 2. Researchers should tell every participant about all the characteristics and details of the study, though such an act may affect the willingness of subjects. Researchers should also try to answer or explain any question about the experiment from subjects. Frankness and sincerity are supposed to be essential to the relationship between researchers and subjects. When researchers have to hide from or deceive subjects for methodological reasons, they need to have subjects understand the reasons for doing so and try to recover their original relationships. Researchers should respect the subjects’ rights and freedom to refuse or terminate their participation in the study at any time. This point is even more salient when researchers have higher power-relationship than subjects. As regards the moral acceptability of experimental procedures and measures, there must be a clear and fair agreement reached by researchers and subjects at the outset in order to clarify each other’s responsibility. Researchers have a responsibility to abide by and comply with the provisions of commitments and obligations in the agreement. 译文： Text A 为什么要教科研伦理 朱迪·E·斯特恩 丹妮·艾略特 1. 最近，我们当中的一员有时机与一名医科学生谈论她正方案要做的一个实验室轮转工程。她将与给她布置论文撰写任务的Dr.Z一起完成该工程。Dr.Z已经设计好研究工具，并收集数据，整理了实验结果。该学生只需做做文献检索，然后