心理学专业英语PPT-Chapter 4 Sleep and dream.pptxVIP

Chapter 4 Sleep and Dream;Contents ;Reading 2. The Material and Sources of Dreams ;Outline of the book ;摘要;Reading 3. Unlearning Implicit Social Biases during Sleep;摘要;Corresponding bias reductions were fortified（加强） in comparison with the social bias not externally reactivated during sleep. This advantage remained 1 week later, the magnitude of which was associated with time in slow-wave and rapid-eye-movement sleep（快速眼动睡眠） after training. We conclude that memory reactivation during sleep enhances counterstereotype training and that maintaining a bias reduction is sleep-dependent.; 难句分析： Corresponding bias reductions were fortified in comparison with the social bias not externally reactivated during sleep. 与没有在睡眠中从外部重新激活的社会偏见相比，（在睡眠中得到重新激活的）相应偏见大大减少了。;前言;小结; 2 Although the tendency for people to endorse（背书） racist or sexist attitudes explicitly has decreased in recent years, social biases may nevertheless influence people’s behavior in an implicit or unconscious manner, regardless of their intentions or efforts to avoid bias. Ample evidence indicates that implicit biases can drive discriminatory behaviors and exacerbate intergroup conflict. For instance, implicit racial biases decrease investments given to racial out-group members in a trust game. At a broader level, the gender gap in science achievement in a nation is correlated with the level of implicit stereotyping of females as not having an aptitude for science. ; 难句分析： …regardless of their intentions or efforts to avoid bias. 尽管他们有意努力避免偏见。 the gender gap in science achievement in a nation is correlated with the level of implicit stereotyping of females as not having an aptitude for science.;小结; 3 Whereas discriminatory behaviors can be detrimental（有害的） to individuals and society, implicit social bias can be difficult to correct because of a range of affective, cognitive, motivational, and social factors, as follows. First, out-group members can be perceived as threatening,