《无机化学》课件-133_Chapter-13HydrogenandNobleGases-lecture2.pptVIP

13.2 Noble Gases The noble gases were discovered and isolated in the 1890s by William Ramsey, Lord Rayleigh, and Morris Travers.Each time he did the experiment, around 1% of the gas mixture did not react.Ramsay and his colleagues did further experiments and finally isolated a new element, which they called argon, from the Greek ‘argos’ meaning lazy or inactive.Noble gases had actually been first discovered, but not recognized, by Henry Cavendish in 1766. He had passed a series of electric sparks through a mixture of air and oxygen, and collected the gases that were produced. Discovery of argon13.2 Noble Gases Discovery of the other noble gasesOnce Ramsay had discovered argon, he realised that there was no place in the periodic table for it to fit. He predicted that argon belonged to a whole new group of elements.In 1885 Ramsay identified helium, and in 1888 he identified neon, krypton and xenon after studying liquid air.Radon was discovered in 1900.13.2 Noble Gases helium2neon2,8argon2,8,8 Electron structure and reactivityThey do not normally form bonds with other elements.All noble gases have full outer electron shells and do not need to gain, lose or share electrons. This means that:They are very stable and the most unreactive (or inert) of all the elements.They are monatomic, which means they exist as individual atoms. Most other gases are diatomic13.2 Noble Gases General properties of noble gasesAll noble gases are colourless, odourless and unreactive. This makes them difficult to isolate and identify.Because noble gases are so unreactive, there are few patterns, or trends, among the group.13.2 Noble Gases 13.2 Noble Gases 13.2 Noble Gases 13.2 Noble Gases 13.2 Noble GasesUses of noble gasesAlthough noble gases are unreactive, they are still very useful elements.Many uses of noble gases depend on their ability to prevent other, undesirable, reactions taking place. 13.2 Noble Gases Uses of heliumThe gas for inflating balloons and airships, b