《无机化学》课件-139_Chapter14-sblockelements-lecture2.pptVIP

Chapter 14-3 s-block compoundsProduce more than one type of oxides (except Li)All are ionicThree types of oxides: normal oxides (monoxides), peroxides, superoxides Relationship between three oxides: O2– ??? O22– ??? 2O2– monoxide peroxide superoxideFormation of Basic OxidesGroup I elements Li forms the monoxide only 4Li(s) + O2(g) ??? 2Li2O(s)180?CNa forms the monoxide and peroxide when O2 is abundant 4Na(s) + O2(g) ??? 2Na2O(s) 2Na2O(s) + O2(g) ??? 2Na2O2(s)180?C300?CChapter 14-3 s-block compounds K forms the monoxide, peroxide and superoxide 4K(s) + O2(g) ??? 2K2O(s) 2K2O(s) + O2(g) ??? 2K2O2(s) K2O2(s) + O2(g) ??? 2KO2(s)180?C300?C3000?CChapter 14-3 s-block compoundsRb, Cs also forms superoxides Rb2O2(s) + O2(g) ??? 2RbO2(s) Cs2O2(s) + O2(g) ??? 2CsO2(s)3000?C3000?C Group I elementMonoxide Peroxide Superoxide LiNaKRbCsLi2ONa2OK2ORb2OCs2O—Na2O2K2O2Rb2O2Cs2O2——KO2RbO2CsO2Chapter 14-3 s-block compounds Li does not form peroxides or superoxidesReason:? Li+ is small ? high polarizing power ? serious distortion on electron cloud of peroxide or superoxide? more distortion , more unstable? Li2O2 and LiO2 do not exist K+, Rb+ and Cs+ ions are large? Low polarizing power ? peroxides and superoxides are stableChapter 14-3 s-block compounds Form normal oxides only, except Sr, Ba which can form peroxidesAll are basic (except BeO which is amphoteric)2Be(s) + O2(g) ?? 2BeO(s)2Mg(s) + O2(g) ?? 2MgO(s)2Ca(s) + O2(g) ?? 2CaO(s)2Ba(s) + O2(g) ?? 2BaO(s)2BaO(s) + O2(g) 2BaO2(s)Chapter 14-3 s-block compoundsGroup II Elements Group II elementNormal oxide Peroxide Superoxide BeMgCaSrBaBeOMgOCaOSrOBaO———SrO2BaO2—————Chapter 14-3 s-block compounds Beryllium peroxide (BeO2) does not existReason:? Be2+ is small ? high polarizing power ? serious distortion on electron cloud of the peroxide ion? polarizing power of Be2+ Li+, due to smaller size, higher charge? BeO2 does not exist Chapter 14-3 s-block compounds Ba cannot form superoxid