《无机化学》课件-136_Chapter14-sblockelements-lecture1.pptVIP

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《无机化学》课件-136_Chapter14-sblockelements-lecture1.ppt

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Chapter 14s-block elements s-Block elements:Consists of Group IA and Group IIA elementsOutermost shell electrons in s orbitalsHighly reactive metalsGood reducing agentsFixed oxidation states +1 for Group I elements+2 for Group II elements14-1 Introduction 3LithiumSodiumPotassiumRubidiumCaesium14-1 Introduction 4BerylliumMagnesiumCalciumStrontiumBariumRadium14-1 Introduction 14-1 Introduction 14-1 Introduction 14-2 Properties of s-block elementsMetallic characterLow electronegativityFormation of basic oxides and hydroxidesFixed Oxidation state in their compoundsWeak tendency to form complexesFlame colours of salts – flame test 8Alkali metals:Silvery in colour, tarnish rapidly in airkeep immersed under paraffin oil or in vacuum sealed ampoulesSoft, low boiling and melting points weak metallic bond due to only 1 e– is contributed to form bondsLow density body-centred cubic structure have more spaces14-2 Properties of s-block elements Group I metalAtomic radius (nm)Ionic radius (nm)Crystal structureMelting point (?C)Boiling point (?C)Density (g cm–3)Abundance on earth (%)LiNaKRbCsFr0.1520.1860.2310.2440.2620.2700.0600.0950.1330.1480.1690.176bbbbb—180.597.863.739.128.42713308907746886906800.530.970.861.531.87—0.00202.362.090.009 00.000 10Trace14-2 Properties of s-block elements Alkaline Earth metals:greyish in colourharder and higher boiling and melting points (compared to Group I counterparts)stronger metallic bond due to 2e– are contributed to form bond and smaller atomic sizesshow different crystal structures14-2 Properties of s-block elements Group II metalAtomic radius (nm)Ionic radius (nm)Crystal structureMelting point (?C)Boiling point (?C)Density (g cm–3)Abundance on earth (%)BeMgCaSrBaRa0.1120.1600.1970.2150.2170.2200.0310.0650.0990.1130.1350.140hhffb—1278648.88397697296972477110014801380164011401.851.751.552.543.605.00.000 282.334.150.0380.042Trace14-2 Properties of s-block elements Sodium and potassium have high natural abundances, occurring widely as