罗伯特·S.平狄克-微观经济学（第九版）PindyckPPT_Ch.16.pptxVIP

MICROECONOMICSby Robert S. Pindyck Daniel RubinfeldNinth EditionCopyright ? 2016, 2012, 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved Part FourInformation, Market Failure, and the Role of GovernmentPart 4 shows how markets can sometimes fail and explains how government intervention can be used to achieve economic efficiency.CHAPTERSGeneral Equilibrium and Economic EfficiencyMarkets with Asymmetric InformationExternalities and Public GoodsBehavioral Economics Chapter 16General Equilibrium and Economic EfficiencyCHAPTER OUTLINE16.1 General Equilibrium Analysis16.2 Efficiency in Exchange16.3 Equity and Efficiency16.4 Efficiency in Production16.5 The Gains from Free Trade16.6 An Overview—The Efficiency of Competitive Markets16.7 Why Markets FailLIST OF EXAMPLES16.1 The Global Market for Ethanol16.2 “Contagion” across Stock Markets around the World16.3 iPhone Production16.4 The Costs and Benefits of Special Protection16.5 Inefficiency in the Health Care System 16.1 General Equilibrium Analysis (1 of 5)partial equilibrium analysis Determination of equilibrium prices and quantities in a market independent of effects from other markets.general equilibrium analysis Simultaneous determination of the prices and quantities in all relevant markets, taking feedback effects into account.A feedback effect is a price or quantity adjustment in one market caused by price and quantity adjustments in related markets.In practice, a complete general equilibrium analysis, which evaluates the effects of a change in one market on all other markets, is not feasible. Instead, we confine ourselves to two or three markets that are closely related. For example, when looking at a tax on oil, we might also look at markets for natural gas, coal, and electricity. 16.1 General Equilibrium Analysis (2 of 5)Two Interdependent Markets—Moving to General EquilibriumFIGURE 16.1 (1 of 2)TWO INTERDEPENDENT MARKETS: (A) MOVIE TICKETS AND (B) DVD RENTALSWhen markets are interdependent, the price