系统解剖学英文版教学课件：digestive glads-urinary syystem.pptVIP

Digestive glands salivary glands (exocrine glands)Liver (exocrine glands)Pancreas (exocrine and endocrine glands)A gland, such as the liver or pancreas, that secretes into the alimentary canal substances necessary for digestion. The salivary glands inmammals are exocrine glands with ducts, that producesaliva. They also secreteamylase (淀粉酶), an enzyme thatbreaks down starch (淀粉) intomaltose (麦芽糖).Components:Parotid glandsubmandibular glandSublingual gland1. salivary glands ① Parotid glandLocation: overlying the mandibular ramus and anterior and inferior to the external ear, where it occupy the parotid fascial spaces. the largest of the salivary glands.secretes saliva through parotid duct into the oral cavity, at cheek mucosa opposite the upper second molar to facilitate mastication and swallowing. the parotid fascial spaces an area posterior to the mandibular ramus, anterior and inferior to the ear on each side of the head. ② submandibular glandLocated in the submandibular triangle. The gland secretes saliva into the oral cavity through a small mandibular duct that opens on the sublingual caruncle. Submandibular triangleBoundaries:Superior- inferior border of the mandibleAnteroinferior – anterior belly of the digastric m.Posteroinferior – posterior belly of the digastric m.Roof – investing layer of the cervical fasciaFloor – mylohyoid m. and hyoglossus m. ③ Sublingual glandlie anterior to the submandibular gland under the tongue, beneath the mucous membrane of the floor of the mouth.They are drained by 8-20 small sublingual duct which open to the sublingual fold. The largest sublingual duct joins the submandibular duct to drain through the sublingual caruncle. Functions of salivary glands Secretes mixture of mucus and serous fluids (saliva)help to form a food bolusContains salivary amylase to begin starch digestionDissolves chemicals so they can be tasted 2. Livera reddish brown and the largest solid organ in the body weighs about three pounds (1.36 kilograms)