为变暖世界供粮：粮食与经济稳定的双重保障.pptxVIP

Feedinga

warmingworld

Securingfoodandeconomicstabilityinachangingclimate

14October2025

Content

4

ExecutiveSummary

15

Agricultureatthecrossroadsofnourishmentandnature

23

Theclimatethreattoagriculture

31

Theeconomicimpactofdroughtsonagriculture

36

Adaptationoftheagriculturesector

AllianzResearch

3

•Inthe80yearssinceWorldFoodDaywasfirstestablished,the

transformationofagriculture,fueledbyfertilizersandinternationaltrade,hashelpedreduceglobalhunger–albeitunevenlyacrossregions.Since

1961,theglobalcaloriesupplyhasincreasedbyaround+35%,contributingtoareductioninundernourishmentworldwide.Whileglobalhungerdeclinedbyalmost-4%between2000and2023,South-EasternAsialoweredthe

prevalenceofhungerfrom20%to6%duringthesameperiod,withLatin

AmericaandpartsofSouthAsiarecordingcomparableimprovements.Yet,Sub-SaharanAfricacontinuestofaceacutefoodinsecurity,withnearlyone-quarterofitspopulationundernourished.

•Butadvancementsinagriculturehavecomewithhighenvironmentalandsystemiccosts.Thetransportofagriculturalproductsgeneratesroughly3

gigatonsofCO₂equivalentannually,accountingfornearlyone-fifthoftotal

emissionsfromthefoodsystem.Foodfreightrepresentslessthanone-fifth

ofoveralltransportactivitybutproducesoverone-quarteroftransport-

relatedemissions,withfruitandvegetableshipmentsespeciallyintensive.

Fertilizerinefficiencyisanothermajorchallenge:onaverage,only40%of

appliednitrogenisabsorbedbycrops.Theremainderleaksintoecosystems,degradingwaterqualityandcreatinghypoxic“deadzones”.IntheUSalone,damagesfromfreshwatereutrophicationareestimatedatUSD2.2bnannually.

•Agriculturefacesadoublematerialityrisk:itdrivesclimatechange

andenvironmentaldegradationwhilebeingamongthesectorsmost

vulnerabletothem.Overthepastthreedecades,natur