昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体研究进展.docVIP

  昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体研究进展# 姜鸣，吕淑敏** （西北农林科技大学植保资源与害虫治理教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌,712100） 5 10 摘要：毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体（muscarinic acetylcholine receptor，mAchR）是昆虫神经 系统中一种十分重要的神经递质受体，属于 G 蛋白偶联受体超家族，与配体结合后激活 G 蛋白并通过胞内第二信使产生生物学效应，参与昆虫多种神经生理功能，是农药开发的一个 潜在靶标。昆虫毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究，有助于提高昆虫神经生理及行为调节机制等 方面的认识，并为以此为靶标的新型杀虫剂研制提供新思路。本文综述了国内外对昆虫毒蕈 碱型乙酰胆碱受体的研究概况，并对 GenBank 中已上传的昆虫 mAchR 序列进行了分子进化分 析，最后对昆虫 mAchR 研究中存在的问题及前景进行了分析和展望。 关键词：昆虫；毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体；分子生物学；药理学 中图分类号：Q965 15 Advances in the studies of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors of insects JIANG Ming, LV Shumin (Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, National Ministry 20 25 30 35 40 Education, Northwest AF Universtiy,Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China) Abstract: Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR), belonging to a family of G-protein-coupled receptor, is the predominant neurotransmitter receptor in the nervous system of insects. On binding of ACh, it activate heterotrimeric G proteins, thereby influencing the levels of intracellular second-messenger molecules. mAchRs take part in multiple nervous physiologic functions in insect, which is the potential target for insecticides. Studies on the insect mAchR may help the understanding of molicular mechanism of insect nervous system, and provide new ideas for discoving novel insecticides based on insect mAchRs target. In this paper, research progress in insect mAchRs is reviewed, and the molecular phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequences of insect mAchRs released in GenBank. Finally, the problems and prospects in the studies of insect mAchRs were analyzed. Key words: insect, muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, molecular biology, pharmacology 0 引言 乙酰胆碱受体（acetylcholine receptor，AchR）是昆虫神经系统中一种十分重 要的神经递质受体，参与昆虫各种神经生理活动。与脊椎动物类似，在昆虫体内 亦存在烟碱型（N 型）受体（nicotine acetylcholine receptor，nAchR）和毒蕈碱 型（M 型）受体（muscarinic acetylcholine receptor，mAchR ）两种受体。20 世 纪 90 年代初，新烟碱型杀虫剂成功研发，其作用靶标 N 型受体成为昆虫分子生 物学研究的一个热点领域，学者们从药理学和分子水平对其进行了广泛而深入的 研究[1, 2, 3] 。但昆虫 M 型受体的研究远远落后于 N 型受体。早在 1981