政府采购促进自主创新：欧美的经验及对中国的启示.pdfVIP

摘 要 政府促进技术创新的手段有直接投资、财政补贴、基金扶持、税收优惠、 政府采购等，相对于其它从供给方面促进创新的政策，利用政府采购促进创新 有它独特的优势。美国、欧盟等利用政府采购促进创新取得了非常好的效果， 在政府采购的扶持下，大规模集成电路、计算机、航空等产业成长为美国的支 柱产业。 中国政府采购制度从1996 年试点至今，已经走过了13 年的历程，取得进 步的同时，还存在许多问题，例如：政府采购定义范围过窄、政府采购法规不 健全、政府采购规模过小，对自主创新拉动作用有限、对中小企业缺乏保护措 施。利用政府采购促进自主创新虽然已经写入政策中，但在实际操作过程中还 缺乏标准和经验。 本文首先给出政府采购和自主创新的概念，综述了利用政府采购促进创新 的理论。随后通过分析欧美和我国政府采购在促进创新方面的几个案例，总结 出国外的先进经验，指出我国存在的问题，并提出政策建议。 关键词：政府采购；自主创新；经验 2 Abstract Governments have several methods in promoting innovation: direct investment, financial subsidies, fund support, tax incentives, public procurement, and so on. Comparing with other ways, public procurement has its unique advantages in promoting self-innovation. The United States and the European Union have made outstanding achievements in promoting innovation through public procurement. With the support of public procurement, large-scale integrated circuits, computers, aviation, and other industries have grown into pillar industries of the United States. Chinas public procurement system has gone through 13 years since the experimental spot first started in 1996. There are still many problems in the system: the scope of public procurement is still narrow, the low system is not perfect, and so on. Although using public procurement to promote self-innovation has been written into the policy, experience and standards are still lacking of in practice. The thesis first defines the concept of public procurement and innovation, and summarized the theories of stimulating innovation. Then, through the analysis of a few cases of public procurements in Europe, the United States and China, the thesis summarizes so