发挥文本的_例子_功能 培养小学生概括能力.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 “概括能力”作为一种思维能力是超越语文的，所有文科和理科教学都有培养 学生概括能力的任务。在语文阅读能力结构中，“理解”居于核心地位，在阅读“理 解”中，“概括”能力又是最基本的智力技能。 在语文阅读教学中重视培养小学生的概括能力尤为重要。概括能力强的学生， 在学习过程中感受能力、理解能力、分析能力及提炼信息能力就强。从目前小学生 概括能力现状分析中发现，不少学生在概括时不能准确提炼文本的主要信息，缺乏 语言表述的精炼与准确。而现有教材对学生概括能力的培养缺乏系统的指导意见， 教师对概括能力的培养缺乏意识及有效的教学策略，小学生概括能力受其心理发展 年龄阶段的制约。这些均是影响小学生概括能力培养的主要因素。 教材中的文本，作为较规范的文本，符合各年段学生的阅读认知水平，具有较 高的阅读价值。因此，在教学中，教师要用好文本这一“例子”，充分挖掘可以培养 学生概括能力的训练点，根据不同学段，设定相应的概括能力培养目标以及兴趣培 养环节，依据不同文本，设计行之有效的教学策略，循序渐进地培养小学生的概括 能力。 关键词：概括能力 小学语文教学 文本 策略 4 ABSTRACT Generalizing skills, a kind of thinking skills beyond the subject education of Chinese, can be developed through different disciplines. Among the reading skills of Chinese, understanding plays a role as the core. Generalizing skills are very essential to the understanding of reading materials. It is especially important to develop primary school students’ generalizing skills in the classroom teaching of Chinese. Students with better generalizing skills are also strong in appreciating, understanding, analyzing and refining. The analysis of current situation of primary school students’ generalizing skills reveals a number of students can’t accurately get the main idea of the reading materials and lack of the clearness and accuracy. Textbooks don’t provide systematic guidelines for developing generalizing skills. Teachers don’t have the intention and they don’t know what the effective strategies might be taken. Students are limited by their ages and psychological development. All these are the main factors which influence the cultivation of generalizing skills. KEY WORD : generalizing skills primary school Chinese teaching reading materials strategies 5 目 录 引言„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„