高三物理学困生问题解决能力的诊断与补救.pdfVIP

论 文 摘 要 每一届高三物理班中都会有一部分学困生，他们基础知识往往存在很多漏洞 和不足，由此而引发思维活动的混乱和逻辑性差。特别是在建立物理概念的思维 过程中，相应的表象知识缺乏和错误使他们考虑问题片面或不深入，难以做出正 确的策略选择，表现为问题解决能力差。关心爱护学困生，帮助高三物理学困生 提高问题解决能力至关重要。 高三物理学习阶段出现的常规题基本上都是有明显的物理特征的。该类习题 一般来说存在解决此类习题的强方法，据此可以设计教学程序和训练程序，来弥 补他们的缺陷，帮助学困生缩小与专家之间的差距，最终能够较好地解决问题。 本研究通过问卷调查、访谈、测试等方法对高三物理学困生深入了解，在实 验教学中尝试通过问题解决图式的建立来帮助诊断和补救他们对常规题的解题 困难。采用问题解决图式的方法对学生解题困难进行诊断，进行个例访谈以了解 学生对各类问题的解决过程中是本质结构特征、所需知识与技能、策略（强方法） 中的哪一环节出现了问题，对薄弱环节进行强化，对其进行有针对性的补救。使 学困生真正地学习和掌握课程标准所要求的知识，提高高三物理学困生物理学习 能力，最终提高其物理问题的解决能力。 实验结果表明应用问题解决图式来解决问题为教师培养学生解决物理问题 能力，诊断和补救高三物理学困生提供了相当有效的途径。 关键词：物理学困生；问题解决；问题解决图式；诊断；补救 ABSTRACT In each senior three physics classes, there must be a part of students having learning difficulties. They often have a lot of loopholes and shortcomings in their basic knowledge, which may lead to triggered confusion and logical thinking problems. Especially in the thinking process of the establishment of the physical concepts, lacking the corresponding appearance knowledge and errors makes them consider the problem one-sided or not in-depth. It is difficult for them to make the right policy choices. They may have difficulty in solving problems. So it is important to concern and care for this kind of students. Helping senior three students with learning difficulties to improve problem-solving ability really counts. Basically the regular problems in the senior three learning stage may appear with obvious physics characteristics. Generally this kind of problems may have the strong methods to solve, so we can design the teaching procedures and the training programs accordingly to make up for the shortages, help the poor to narrow the gap between the experts and themselves and e