Biodiversity of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Tropical to Temperate Australia英文文献资料.docVIP

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Biodiversity of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Tropical to Temperate Australia英文文献资料.doc

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Biodiversity of Terrestrial Ecosystems in Tropical to Temperate Australia英文文献资料

HindawiPublishingCorporation InternationalJournalofEcology Volume2012,ArticleID359892,15pages doi:10.1155/2012/359892 ReviewArticle BiodiversityofTerrestrialEcosystemsin TropicaltoTemperateAustralia RaymondL.Specht DepartmentofBotany,TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,QLD4072,Australia CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoRaymondL.Specht,r.specht@ Received19September2011;Revised25December2011;Accepted17January2012 AcademicEditor:PanosV.Petrakis Copyright?2012RaymondL.Specht.ThisisanopenaccessarticledistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionLicense, whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperlycited. During the short period of annual foliage growth in evergreen plant communities, aerodynamic ?uxes (frictional, thermal, evaporative)intheatmosphereasit?owsoverandthroughaplantcommunitydeterminetheFoliageProjectiveCoversand leafattributesinoverstoreyandunderstoreystrata.Thenumberofleavesproducedoneachverticalfoliageshootdependson availablesoilwaterandnutrientsduringthisgrowthperiod.Theareaofallleavesexposedtosolarradiationdeterminesnet photosynthetic?xationoftheplantcommunitythroughouttheyear.Inturn,thespeciesrichness(numberofspeciesperhectare) ofbothplantsandresidentvertebratesisdetermined.Thespeciesrichnessofunicellularalgaeandsmallmulticellularisopodsin permanentfreshwaterlagoonsinNorthernAustraliamaypossiblyhavebeenincreasedbyradiationreleasedfromnearbyuranium deposits.Evolutionofnewangiospermsprobablyoccurredinrefugiaduringperiodsofextremedrought.Whenfavourableclimates wererestored,thevegetationexpandedtoresultinhighGammaBiodiversity(numberofplantspeciesperregion)butwitheach majorplantcommunityhavingessentiallythesamespeciesrichness(numberofplantspeciesperhectare).Theprobablee?ectsof pollutionandGlobalWarmingonbiodiversityinAustralianecosystems,thatexperienceseasonaldrought,arediscussed. 1.Introduction variousecophysiologicalfacetsoftheecosystemweretobe exploredandintegratedbyonescientist: Duringthe1920sto1940