Brain Plasticity and Disease A Matter of Inhibition英文文献资料.docVIP

HindawiPublishingCorporation NeuralPlasticity Volume2011,ArticleID286073,11pages doi:10.1155/2011/286073 ReviewArticle BrainPlasticityandDisease:AMatterofInhibition LauraBaroncelli, ChiaraBraschi, MariaSpolidoro, TatjanaBegenisic, 1 2 1 3 LambertoMaffei,1,3andAlessandroSale1 1 2 3 NationalResearchCouncil(CNR),NeuroscienceInstitute,ViaMoruzzi1,I-56124Pisa,Italy DepartmentofPsychology,FlorenceUniversity,PizzaSanMarco4,I-50121Florence,Italy LaboratoryofNeurobiology,ScuolaNormaleSuperiore,PizzaCavalieri7,I-56126Pisa,Italy CorrespondenceshouldbeaddressedtoAlessandroSale,sale@r.it Received10January2011;Accepted4May2011 AcademicEditor:GraziellaDiCristo Copyright?2011LauraBaroncellietal. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,whichpermitsunrestricteduse,distribution,andreproductioninanymedium,providedtheoriginalworkisproperly cited. One major goal in Neuroscience is the development of strategies promoting neural plasticity in the adult central nervous system, when functional recovery from brain disease and injury is limited. New evidence has underscored a pivotal role for corticalinhibitorycircuitriesinregulatingplasticitybothduringdevelopmentandinadulthood.Thispapersummarizesrecent ?ndingsshowingthattheinhibition-excitationbalancecontrolsadultbrainplasticityandisatthecoreofthepathogenesisof neurodevelopmentaldisorderslikeautism,Downsyndrome,andRettsyndrome. 1.Introduction In the last 50 years, great e?ort has been made to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the activation and regulation of critical periods in the brain. Unravelling these processes may potentially enable researchers to enhance plasticity in the adult brain. More- over, a detailed knowledge of the events involved in the maturation and plasticity of neuronal circuitry would be a determinant in improving our understanding of the aetiologyofdevelopmentalbraindisorders. The term “plasticit