Bronchial hyperreactivity pathogenesis and treatment options英文文献资料.docVIP

Open Journal of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, 2011, 1, 43-51 OJMIP doi:10.4236/ojmip.2011.13007 Published Online November 2011 (http://www.SciRP.org/journal/ojmip/). Bronchial hyperreactivity: pathogenesis and treatment options Martina Antosova , Anna Strapkova , Jana Plevkova 1 1 2 1 2 Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pharmacology, Martin, Slovakia; Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius School of Medicine in Martin, Department of Pathophysiology, Martin, Slovakia. Email: antosova@jfmed.uniba.sk; jplevkova@ Received 21 July 2011; revised 14 September 2011; accepted 12 October 2011. ABSTRACT 2. RISK FACTORS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF BRONCHIAL HYPERREACTIVITY This review is written to summarize and critically analyze pathogenesis of bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR) as an underlying outcome for suitable treat- ment options. It describes and discusses the role of genetic predisposition, inflammatory mediators and other endogenous factors (growth factors, nuclear transcription factors), neural regulation and pro- inflammatory neurotransmitter in the pathogenesis of BHR. Based on these data it provides brief insight into the treatment options, which could be applied to minimize symptoms of respiratory diseases charac- terized by BHR and successfully diminish the patho- genesis pathways involved. The main risk factors in the pathogenesis of the BHR are genetic predisposition, atopy, age, gender, smoking and inhalation of chemical irritants. It had been identified that BHR is more common in subjects with allergic rhinitis and patients who are sensitive to pollen and house dust. However, not all atopic subjects had been diagnosed as having it, and in turn, not all BHR patients do reveal the symptoms of allergy [3]. The role of the gende