材料科学基础 课件 26.ppt

材料科学基础Fundamental of Materials Chapter Ⅵ Diffusion in Solids Lesson twenty-six §6.1 Introduction Ⅰ. Atom movement in solids mechanical movement thermal vibration (short-range migration) Thermal motion diffusion (long-range migration) evaporation solidification surface diffusion volume diffusion Ⅱ.Classification of diffusion in solids 1. According to : Steady state diffusion and Non-steady state diffusion 2. . self-diffusion. both in pure metal and in homogeneous alloy. . inter-diffusion. down-hill up-hill 3. According to diffusion path Volume diffusion (with grain, or lattice) Grain boundary diffusion Surface diffusion short-cut diffusion diffusion along dislocation 4. According to structure Diffusion in single phase Diffusion in multiphase Ⅲ.Significance: heat treatment , welding , sintering , corrosion Ⅳ.Content phenomenological theory microscopic theory §6.2 Fick’s Laws Ⅰ.Fick’s first law For binary, single-phase system 界面 x C2 C1 C2 C1，均为固定值 For 3 dimensional diffusion: Discussion: 1) It is an empirical rule 2) minus sign 3) D-material constant. 4) dimension Ⅱ.Fick’s second law ?x x x+?x x Jx Jx+?x if D=const. → For 3 dimensional diffusion: 1. In Cartesian coordination system 2. For cylindrically symmetrical diffusion. 3. For spherical symmetrical diffusion. Relation between Fick’s first law and Fick’s second law For spherically symmetrically §6.3 Steady State Diffusion 增加 Application to crystallization at initial stage.