(食品营养与安全)Chapter12Life cycle nutrition.ppt

Chapter 12 Life cycle nutrition: Mother and Infant Think about it Think about the eating habits of any pregnant woman you have known. What are you thoughts about what a pregnant woman should eat? Do you know any benefits of breast-fed? What can your parents tell you about your birth weight and your first year of life? 1. Pregnancy Nutrition is especially important for women in their childbearing years. A woman must be well nourished at the outset of pregnancy because early in pregnancy the embryo undergoes significant developmental changes that depend on her prior nutrition. The fetus will rely on some nutrients from the mothers blood that will only be present from diet. The consequences of poor nutrition during pregnancy can have everlasting effects. (1) Nutrition Prior to Pregnancy Achieve and maintain a healthy body wt. Choose an adequate balanced diet Be physically active Receive regular medical care Manage chronic conditions Avoid harmful substances Smoking, alcohol, drugs Weight Gain during Pregnancy Recommended weight gains normal weight (BMI 19.8 to 26): 25-35 lbs (11.3-15.9kg). Weight gain patterns 3.5 lbs. (or 3 to 5 lbs.) first trimester; then 1 lb. per week Components of weight gain Placenta, fetus and amniotic fluid (40%) Uterus growth, expanded blood and extracellular fluid volumes, breasts, adipose stores (60%) (2) Nutritive Needs in Pregnancy Physiology of pregnancy Growth of adipose, breast, uterine tissue Increase blood volume Slower gastrointestinal motility 2. Nutritive Needs in Pregnancy Energy 2nd trimester : + 340 kcal/day 3rd trimester : + 450 kcal/day Protein: + 25 g/day Essential Fatty Acids: n-3 and n-6 Nutrients for Bone Development Vitamin D Calcium 2. Nutritive Needs in Pregnancy Nutrients for Blood Production/Cell Growth---key roles in synthesis of DNA and new cells Folate Vitamin B-12 Iron: to support enlarged blood volume and provide for placental and fetal needs Zinc Needed nutrient supplements Deficiencies can lead to pr