《心理学与生活》chapter1(b).ppt

Module 2: A Science Evolves Psychology’s historical foundation psychology has the endless past, but only has the brief history. philosophy Many of the problems which psychology has investigated were first most clearly outlined by Greek philosophers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle in the 5th century BC. Two philosophical influences on the development of psychology were: Empiricism-which argued that humans should only measure data that is objectively observable, such as behavior. Introspection-deliberate looking into one’s own mind to examine one’s own thoughts and feeling. History of Psychology- Foundations Aristotle （384 B.C. -322 B.C. ） Peri psyches《论灵魂》 People are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain. History of Psychology- Foundations Socrates（ 469B.C. -399B.C. ） Plato’s teacher We should rely in processes such as rational thought and introspection to achieve self-knowledge . History of Psychology- Foundations Descartes 笛卡尔（1596-1650） Mind and body are separated (dualism philosophy) Pineal gland(松果体） History of Psychology- Foundations Locke 洛克（1632-1704） Empiricism 经验主义 Science should rely on observation and experimentation Knowledge from experience science 1. Evolution: Darwins suggestion that humans has evolved from other animals. the discoveries in genetics that followed from his evolutionary theory have had many important implications for the study and understanding of behavior. science 2.Physiology(生理学): the discoveries of the structure and function of the brain, nervous, and endocrine systems have significantly contributed to the understanding of behavior. science 3.physics: a subject has been adopted as the ideal model by scientists in psychology, who have borrowed its scientific methods and principles. The date 1879 is usually said to be the start of psychology as a separate scientific discipline, since it was when Wilhelm Wundt created the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig. Wundt is, therefore, regarded as the ‘founding