预锚碎裂块体岩体应力传递机理及围岩稳定性研究-study on stress transfer mechanism and surrounding rock stability of pre-anchored fractured block rock mass.docxVIP
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预锚碎裂块体岩体应力传递机理及围岩稳定性研究-study on stress transfer mechanism and surrounding rock stability of pre-anchored fractured block rock mass
摘要深部巷道围岩地质构造复杂、构造应力高,围岩内节理裂隙发育、破碎程度高,其变形表现出一定的非线性特征。基于深部围岩的破碎状态,引入地质学中对碎裂块体介质的定义,并对具有代表性的两种典型碎裂介质力学作用模型(对缝式与错缝式)进行分析表明:两种典型的碎裂结构岩体力学作用模型中均具有相同的变形区域,即直接压缩区、剪切连续变形区、压应力作用下连续变形区。因此,可进一步得知在深部巷道破碎围岩预应力锚杆作用下,破碎岩体中也存在与之上相同的三个变形区域。基于国外碎裂块体介质预应力锚固的室内模型试验,利用离散元数值软件UDEC对预应力锚杆作用下的碎裂结构岩体的应力分布及块体变形趋势进行分析,结果表明,当运行时步为10000后,碎裂结构岩体的压应力区域以各个锚杆为中心呈相互叠加的菱形分布,正是由于各个压缩区域的相互叠加,才使整个模型形成稳固连续的应力压缩拱。基于深部巷道围岩的非线性大变形特征,对提高深部巷道围岩支护抗力的方法进行探索,并对巷道掘进与修护两种施工状态下支护结构所能提供的支护抗力进行分析,结果表明,支护结构的分步联合须在时间和空间上充分利用其所发挥的力学性能,各施工步的施工工序及时间均对支护效果产生显著影响。结合顾桥矿区内的地质调查以及南翼轨道巷道地应力测试结果,鉴于分步联合的支护理念,拟采用以高强预应力锚网+U型钢拱架+混凝土喷层为一次支护、高强预应力锚索+高强预应力锚杆+全断面滞后注浆补强加固为二次支护的分步联合支护方案,并通过离散元软件UDEC对轨道巷支护前后的围岩稳定性进行分析,结果表明:巷道开挖无支护条件下,围岩内应力集中程度较高,主要分布于两拱肩、两帮角及底板部位,其中左侧拱肩以及右侧帮角处应力集中程度相对较高,以剪拉破坏为主,而底板中部以拉裂破坏为主;采用分步联合支护方案后,巷道围岩的塑性区得到明显的控制,应力集中程度得到有效改善,围岩在三个月内的总变形量控制在140mm左右。通过对典型巷道面内围岩变形量及支护结构受力的动态监测数据的分析表明,在采用分步联合支护方案进行施工之后,巷道围岩的稳定性得到良好的控制,进一步保证了轨道巷的正常运作。关键词:碎裂结构岩体,模型试验,离散元,非线性大变形,分步联合支护AbstractThecomplicatedgeologicalstructure,thehightectonicstress,thedevelopedjointfissuresandhighdegreeofcrushingofroadwaysurroundingrockindeep,whichleadtothenon-linearlargedeformation.Accordingtothefracturedstateofroadwaysurroundingrockindeep,thedefinitionoffracturedblocksisintroducedfromgeology,furthermore,thetwokindsofrepresentativemodelsoffracturedblocksmediumareanalysed.Itturnedoutthatthetwomodelshavethesamestressdistributionarea,thatistosay,compressionareadirectly,continuousshearingdeformationarea,continuousdeformationareawithpressurestress.Thesamethreestressdistributionareasexistinthefracturedsurroundingrockwithpre-stressedanchorbarinthedeeproadwaysthroughaboveanalysis.Basedontheresearchofforeignmodeltestaboutfracturedblocksmediumwithpre-stressedanchorbar,thestressdistributionanddeformationoffracturedrockmasswithpre-stressedanchorbarisstudiedbynumericalanalysissoftware-UDEC,theresultshowsthatthedistributionshapeofcompressionareaoffracturedrockmassisrhombuswitheveryboltasitscenterafter10000steps.Manyoverlappedcompressionareasmakesthewholemodelformcontinuou
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