原油和4种溢油分散剂对褶皱臂尾轮虫brachionus plicatili毒性效应的研究-toxic effects of crude oil and four oil spill dispersants on brachionus plicatilis.docxVIP
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原油和4种溢油分散剂对褶皱臂尾轮虫brachionus plicatili毒性效应的研究-toxic effects of crude oil and four oil spill dispersants on brachionus plicatilis
原油和 4 种溢油分散剂对褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionusplicatili)毒性效应的研究 摘要近年来,随着我国远洋运输业务和海上原油开展的发展,海洋溢油事故频 繁发生,溢油污染已成为危害巨大的一种海洋污染,严重威胁着全球海洋生态环 境。目前,溢油分散剂在溢油事故处理中起着至关重要的作用,但是其主要成 分表面活性剂和溶剂的大量使用势必会对海洋生物的生长发育产生毒性效应。 褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)作为至今为止唯一大量人工育苗的海 产轮虫,其饵料作用非常突出。且褶皱臂尾轮虫在海洋生态系统中以初级消费者的身份占据着重要的作用。 本实验以褶皱臂尾轮虫为实验对象,采用概率单位法、生命表法、血球计数法,研究了 WP、GM、DL 和 GZ 四种溢油分散剂(以下分别简称 1#、2#、3# 和 4#)、原油水溶液(Water accommodated fraction,以下简称 WAF)和原油与 四种溢油分散剂水溶 液 (Dispersant water accommodated fraction ,以下简称 1#-DWAF、2#-DWAF、3#-DWAF 和 4#-DWAF)对褶皱臂尾轮虫急性毒性、生活 史和摄食这三方面的影响。实验结果表明:1.原油和四种溢油分散剂对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性效应:(1)原油对褶皱臂尾轮虫 24h 急性毒性效应并不明显。(2)原油、四种溢油分散剂及其 DWAF 对褶皱臂尾轮虫幼体的急性毒性效应均 大于成体。(3)溢油分散剂本身对褶皱臂尾轮虫的急性毒性大于其 DWAF。、(4)四种溢油分散剂对褶皱臂尾轮虫的 24h 急性毒性效应大小:4#3#2#1#。2.原油和四种溢油分散剂对褶皱臂尾轮虫生活史的影响:(1) 原油、四种溢油分散剂及其 DWAF 均对胚胎发育时间无显著影响;四种 溢油分散剂、其 DWAF 对繁殖前期无显著影响,但是原油能显著延长繁殖前期;原油、四种溢油分散剂及其 DWAF 均会使繁殖期、繁殖后期时间相较于对照组显著缩短。(2) 原油、四种溢油分散剂及其 DWAF 均会显著缩短褶皱臂尾轮虫的平均寿 命、总产卵量,其中缩短最明显的是原油组;轮虫的净生殖率(R0)、世 代时间(T)、周限增长率( λ)、内禀增长率(rm) 均较对照组有显著降低。(3) 原油、四种溢油分散剂及其 DWAF 的亚急性毒性呈现:原油四种溢油分 散剂及其 DWAF 的趋势。3.原油和四种溢油分散剂对褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食的影响:(1)褶皱臂尾轮虫对两种饵料单胞藻的摄食率均随着胁迫时间的延长和毒物浓 度的增加而下降。(2)褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食行为的变化可以作为评价原油、溢油分散剂及溢油分散 剂原油混合液较为敏感和快速的指标。(3)选食实验中,即使在污染物的胁迫下,小球藻仍是褶皱臂尾轮虫较为适宜 的饵料。(4)原油对褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食的影响大于四种溢油分散剂及其 DWAF;在原油 中加入溢油分散剂后,部分分散剂呈现其对褶皱臂尾轮虫摄食影响减弱的 趋势。关键词:石油 溢油分散剂 褶皱臂尾轮虫 毒性效应Study about crude oil and the toxicity effect from fourkinds of oil spill dispersants to Brachionus plicatilisAbstractIn recent years, along with the development of ocean shipping business and crude oil in our country, sea spill accidents and oil spill pollution have become a primary cause of Marine pollution, a serious threat to the global Marine ecological environment. At present, oil spill dispersants plays an important role in oil spill accident treatment, but much of its main ingredients surface active agent and solvent is bound to have toxic effects on the growth of Marine organisms.Brachionus plicatilis, as so far the volume-produce of artificial seedling seafood rotifers, has outstanding advantages of
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