从心理分析视角解读玻璃动物园中逃避主义.docVIP

从心理分析的视角解读《玻璃动物园》中的逃避主义 　　【摘 要】《玻璃动物园》是田纳西?威廉斯的一部带有强烈自传色彩的戏剧，剧中的三个主要人物，即阿曼达，劳拉和汤姆都一概被评论家们贴上了“逃避者”的标签。然而通过对这三个人物更深层的探讨，不难发现这一标签贴得过于一概而论。该文由心理分析学派学者阿尔弗雷德?阿德勒的自卑情结理论及卡尔?荣格的人格面具理论作为理论依据，深入探索人物内心，从而得出结论：人物阿曼达并非所谓的“逃避者”，相反，她敢于面对现实，活在当下；而她的一双儿女劳拉和汤姆却实实在在是逃避主义的奉行者。 　　【关键词】《玻璃动物园》；逃避主义；心理分析；自卑情结；人格面具 　　0 Introduction 　　Rooting in Austrian neurologist and psychologist Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis which originally developed as a medical technique， psychoanalytic theory has seen its several distinct groups formed and triumphed through all these decades. From Freud’s models of the human psyche to Lacan’s Three Orders， each group adopts different psychoanalytic theories when analyzing a literary work. So for readers’ sake， it is necessary to make it clear which group of psychoanalytic theory this paper mainly bases on. 　　Actually， the theory framing my paper does not come from Freud， Frye or Lacan， but another Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler， once a Freudians but later split with Freud and found his own institution. 　　As the founder of individual psychology， Adler achieved a lot in the research of the relationship between family and children as well as its influence on children’s psychology. The conception of “deficiency in body and compensation”， “inferiority complex”， “sense of superiority” and so forth in his theories are great contributions to the development of psychoanalysis. Besides Adler， this paper also owes to the Swiss psychologist Carl Jung. Similar with Adler， he was first Freud’s best pupil and successor but built up his own theory system later. Archetypal criticism as we call it when we apply his theories and methods to literature. But it is his persona conception that I am going to elaborate in the later part of this paper. 　　1 Amanda’s Practicality 　　About Tennessee Williams Adler once said： “No other American dramatist has created women character of such complexity portrayed with deep understanding and sensitivity.”①This is especially applicable to