在养老院吞咽障碍老人中应用社区护理干预效果.docVIP

在养老院吞咽障碍老人中应用社区护理干预效果 　　摘 要 目的：探讨社区护理干预在养老院吞咽障碍老人中的应用效果。方法：选取2016年12月―2017年5月两家小型民营养老院内有吞咽障碍的老年患者43例，洼田饮水试验分级为Ⅱ～Ⅴ级。将北区养老院的22例作为观察组，实施社区护理干预，南区养老院的21例作为对照组，开展常规进食安全宣教。6个月后，比较两组吞咽功能、误吸发生率、身体营养状况。结果：观察组和对照组干预前的吞咽功能评分分别为（3.32±0.70）分和（3.33±0.64）分，组间差异无统计学意义（χ2 =0.07，P0.05）；干预后分别为（2.86±0.55）分和（3.24±0.53）分，组间差异有统计学意义（χ2 =2.23，P0.05）。观察组误吸发生率为31.82%（7/22），低于对照组的80.95%（17/21，χ2 =10.52，P0.01）。干预后观察组身体营养状况优于对照组（P0.05）。结论：社区护理干预可以有效降低养老院吞咽障碍老年患者的误吸率，改善营养状况，提高吞咽功能，值得在社区推广。 　　关键词 吞咽障碍；护理干预；养老院 　　中图分类号：R571 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2018）06-0033-03 　　Effect of community nursing intervention in elderly people with dysphagia in nursing 　　homes 　　LU Mei， HONG Liang， HE Liming， GAO Fei， XU Ju， JIANG Lina 　　（Nursing Department of Yichuan Community Health Service Center of Putuo District， Shanghai 200065， China） 　　ABSTRACT Objective： To explore the application effect of community nursing intervention in the elderly people with dysphagia in nursing homes. Methods： From December 2016 to May 2017， 43 elderly patients with dysphagia in the two small private nursing homes were selected. Kubota drinking water test grades were from Ⅱ to Ⅴ levels. Twenty-two cases of the north area of the nursing home were taken as the observation group， and the community nursing intervention was carried out. Twentyone cases in the south area of the nursing home were used as the control group to carry out the routine food safety education. After 6 months， the dysphagia， the incidence of mistaken aspiration and the nutritional status of the two groups were compared. Results： The swallowing function scores of the observation group and the control group before intervention were （3.32±0.70） and（3.33±0.64） points， respectively and there was no significant difference between the two groups（χ2=0.07， P0.05）. The incidence of mistaken aspiration in the observation group was 31.82%（7/22）， which was lower than that in the control group 80.95%（17/21，χ2=10.52， P0.01）. The body nutrition status of the observation group