不同认知灵活性大学生顿悟问题的实验研究发展与教育心理学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 摘 要 认知灵活性是执行功能的重要组成部分，它与问题解决关系密切。顿悟问题解决的 研究已有近百年的历史，但是对于其认知机制，各理论学派至今仍然没有达成共识，表 征转换理论、进程监控理论、原型启发理论等都试图对顿悟问题解决的认知机制进行全 面的阐述。本研究选取认知灵活性不同的大学生，采用经典的邓克尔辐射问题作为实验 材料，考察被试在解决顿悟问题时的个体差异，探讨认知灵活性的高低对顿悟问题解决 的影响，同时从表征转换理论的角度来阐述顿悟问题解决的认知机制。 本研究包括两个实验，实验一选取 23 名大一新生，以邓克尔的顿悟问题为实验材 料，使用 Eyelink Ⅱ眼动仪记录被试的眼动数据，考察了不同认知灵活性大学生顿悟问 题解决时的差异；实验二选取 49 名大一新生，采用眼动记录法，以辐射问题为实验材 料，在实验一的基础上考察表征转换对不同认知灵活性大学生顿悟问题解决的影响。 本研究条件下主要得出如下结论： 1、不同认知灵活性被试在顿悟问题解决时的兴趣区注意范围不同，低认知灵活性 被试对中央肿瘤区的注视时间显著高于高认知灵活性被试。 2、问题解决组与未解决组被试在顿悟问题解决前的眼跳模式不同。 3、表征转换理论可以用来解释被试解决顿悟问题时出现僵局的原因，眼动追踪任 务有利于邓克尔辐射问题的解决。 关键词 顿悟问题解决 认知灵活性 表征转换 眼动 II II Abstract Abstract Cognitive flexibility is an important part of the executive function, which is related to the problem solving. Though it has been nearly a hundred years in studying insight problem solving, the psychologists still have not reached a consensus on its cognitive mechanisms.The Representational change theory, Process monitoring theory, and the prototype inspired theory are all trying to express the cognitive mechanism of insight problem solving. In this research ,we picked up some college students in different cognitive flexibility levels to investigate the individual differences by using the Duncker’s radiation problem, and at the same time ,from the point of view of the representational change theory to explain the cognitive mechanism of insight problem solving. This research includes two experiments.In experiment I,there were 23 fresh college students.We used Dunker’s radiation problem as the task,and the Eyelink was used to record the subjects’ eye movement indexes to investigate the difference between high and low cognitive flexibility subjects.In experiment 2,we picked up 49 fresh students to investigate whether the representational change would affect the performance of the subjects. The results show that: 1、The subjects in different levels of cognitive flexibility concern different regions of interest areas. 2、The saccade mode between problem solving group an