尊重学生心理需要提升中职德育实效——基于中职生心理需要调查的思考-respecting students psychological needs to enhance the effectiveness of moral education in secondary vocational schools —— thinking based on investigation of students psychological needs .docxVIP
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尊重学生心理需要提升中职德育实效——基于中职生心理需要调查的思考-respecting students psychological needs to enhance the effectiveness of moral education in secondary vocational schools —— thinking based on investigation of students psychological needs
杭州师范大学硕士学位论文尊重学生心理
杭州师范大学硕士学位论文
尊重学生心理需要,提升中职德育实效
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摘 要
对于德育的实效,人们往往围绕着德育的社会需要来进行评价,常忽视了个体需要。即使从学 生角度分析,可涉及中等职业技术学校学生(后简称为中职生)这一特殊主体的甚少。中职生是一 个特殊的群体,与普高相比其心理特点有特殊性,而且又是即将走入社会的劳动者。他们的行为表 现、道德素质高低,与社会主义建设事业息息相关。
本文以绍兴市中等专业学校为例,在访谈法和问卷调查法的基础上进行研究分析。在平时的教 育教学中,作为德育工作者(尤其是班主任),普遍认为中职生难教、难管,行为习惯太差,教师 疲惫;而学生认为自己学不到真正有用的知识,不服教师的管理,常违反校纪校规。在这样尴尬的 局面下,德育的实效就可想而知了。需要是人的行为产生的原动力。本文以尊重学生的心理需要为 切入点,提高中职学校德育工作的实效性。
本文分为三个部分: 第一部分,尊重学生心理需要和提升中职德育实效的有机结合。首先,从中职学生作为一个特
殊群体,分析其思想行为特点。其次,指出传统德育常常只重视外在的强化,忽视内在的转化,从 而导致德育工作低效。最后,从创造发展人的价值、培养良好的品德和激发人生追求三个方面,说 明尊重学生心理需要对提升德育实效具有重大意义。
第二部分,从学生需要缺失的角度,进一步分析德育实效低下的原因。通过调查数据,分析中 职生学习需要缺失、表现需要缺失、人际交往缺失、受尊重被理解需要缺失的具体情况。
第三部分,尊重学生心理需要提升中职德育实效的对策。这是本文的落脚点。首先,要更新德 育理念,提高师德素养。师德素养的高低对德育工作来说至关重要。教师以“和谐德育”理念、“以 生为本”理念、“道德能力”观念、“德育效果”观念为指导,开展德育工作来满足中职学生的实际 需要。其次,要充实德育内容,贴合学生实际需要。根据前面对学生需要缺失的分析,有针对地调 整德育工作来满足学生的需要。再次,要拓展德育途径,让德育回归生活。要让学生多一些自主探 究的生活体验,要充分考虑学生已有的经验和知识,以及关注学生的体验和感悟。最后,要因需利 导,开展德育实践。需要有社会需要和个体需要、合理需要和不合理需要、共同需要和特殊需要等 之分,因此要引导需要来开展德育实践。引导需要时,要有针对性、目标性和创造性。这样才能实 现个体需要和社会需要的和谐统一,从而使德育获得理想实效。
关键词:尊重 心理需要 德育 实效
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ABSTRACT
As for the effect of moral education, we always evaluate it on the basis of society, ignoring the individuality. Even from the point of view on students, materials about secondary school students are fewer. Secondary school students, as a special group in the society, have their own special characters, but they will be the main labors after graduation soon. So their behaviors and inner qualities have great influence on socialist construction.
This essay gives detailed analysis basing on interviews and questionnaire surveys in ShaoXing secondary school. Most of the teaching staff, especially the head teachers, consider their students have such bad habits that it is very difficult to teach and manage. On the contrary, the students don’t agree on what they have learned, and often violate the school regulations. Being in such an embarrassing situation, we can imagine the effect of moral education.
The need in essay means
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