有机肥用量和种植密度对黔西南生态烟产量和质量影响.docVIP

有机肥用量和种植密度对黔西南生态烟产量和质量影响 　　摘 要：采用裂区试验，研究不同有机肥用量和种植密度对黔西南生态烟产量和质量的影响。结果表明，增大行距能提高烟叶产量和产值，增加有机肥用量则会降低烟叶产量和产值；在行距100～110 cm、株距50 cm和有机肥用量7 500～9 000 kg?hm-2的条件下，产量、产值和上等烟比例差异不显著；增大行距与减少有机肥用量处理组合（A2B1）的化学成分协调性最差，增加有机肥用量处理组合评吸质量明显下降。 从产量、化学成分协调性和评吸质量综合考虑，黔西南生态烟以行距100～110 cm，株距50 cm，施有机肥7 500 kg?hm-2较适宜。 　　关键词：种植密度；有机肥用量；生态烟；产质量；黔西南 　　中图分类号：S572.8 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2018.01.014 　　Abstract： The effects of different planting density and organic fertilizer application amount on yield and quality of ecological tobacco in southwest Guizhou by using split plot experiment were studied. The results showed that increased spacing could improve the yield and output value of tobacco，increased the amount of organic fertilizer could reduce the yield and output value. The difference of yield， production value and proportion of first-class tobacco were not significant under the condition of 100～110 cm distance， 50 cm spacing and 7 500～9 000 kg?hm-2 organic fertilizer application amount. Coordination of chemical composition of increasing spacing and decreasing organic fertilizer application amount treatment combinations （A2B1） was worst. The quality of the smoking of increasing the amount of organic fertilizer treatment combined was decreased significantly. Southwest Guizhou ecological tobacco in row spacing 100～110 cm， spacing 50 cm， organic fertilizer application amount 7 500 kg?hm-2 was appropriate comprehensive consideration of yield， chemical composition and quality evaluation. 　　Key words： planting density； organic fertilizer application amount； ecological tobacco； yield and quality； southwest Guizhou 　　优质特色烟叶原料是烟草行业可持续发展的基础[1]。近年来，烟草行业深入践行“三大课题”，积极推进现代烟草农业水平，烟叶产区也充分发挥烟区的生态优势大力开发生态特色优质烟叶，受到了工业企业的青睐，保持了烟叶生产的可持续发展[2-4]。合理的种植密度、有机肥用量等栽培技术措施是烟叶产量和质量形成的基础[5-6]。近年来，广西中烟在黔西南兴义基地探索有机肥集中自制，并按照有机种植模式开展生态烟的开发研究，所产烟叶外观质量好、内在化学成分协调、评吸质量好，符合卷烟配方的原料需求[7]。 　　为了保障生态烟叶的适产优质，本研究在前期研究基础上进一步开展不同种植密度和有机肥用量对比试验，以探索基地烟区适宜的生态烟种植密度和有机肥用量，为生态烟叶生产技术体系的构建提供技术支撑。 　　1 材料和方法 　　1.1 试验