碟形橡胶准零刚度隔振器设计和特性分析.docVIP

碟形橡胶准零刚度隔振器设计和特性分析 　　摘要：设计了具有准零刚度（QZS）特性的碟形橡胶隔振器，并分析了其隔振特性.隔振器由负刚度元件碟形橡胶（内含钢材料的筋）与正刚度元件竖直橡胶柱并联组装而成.基于Abaqus有限元仿真分析，给出了隔振器在静平衡位置处出现零刚度时，碟形橡胶元件和竖直橡胶元件分别需要满足的构型和尺寸参数条件，得到了隔振器的回复力曲线，并用仅含三次的多项式进行了拟合.进一步，建立隔振系统动力学方程，基于谐波平衡法分析了系统的隔振特性，并与Abaqus动力学仿真分析进行对比，结果表明，碟形橡胶准零系统隔振性能明显优于相应的线性系统. 　　关键词：准零刚度；碟形橡胶；隔振器；低频隔振 　　中图分类号：O322；O328 文献标识码：A 　　Design and Analysis of a Disc Rubber Vibration Isolator 　　with Quasizerostiffness Characteristic 　　XU Daolin，ZHOU Jie， ZHOU Jiaxi ， ZHANG Jing 　　（State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body， Hunan Univ， Changsha，Hunan410082， China） 　　Abstract：A disc rubber vibration isolator with quasizero stiffness （QZS） was designed， and the characteristics of vibration isolation were studied. The QZS isolator was devised by assembling a reinforced disc rubber with negative stiffness in parallel with a vertical rubber cylinder with positive stiffness. By using Finite Element Analysis （FEA）， the geometrical parameters of the reinforced disc rubber and the vertical rubber cylinder were achieved to ensure that the isolators stiffness is close to zero at the static equilibrium position. And then， the characteristics of restoring force were analyzed， and the expression of restoring force was given as a polynomial only having cubic item by fitting the FEA simulations data. Moreover， the equation of motion of the vibration isolation system was obtained， and the isolation performance was evaluated theoretically based on Harmonic Balanced method， which was compared with that by using dynamic FEA. The results have shown that the QZS isolator significantly outperforms the corresponding linear one. 　　Key words：quasizerostiffness； disc rubber； vibration isolator； lowfrequency vibration isolation 　　目前低频隔振仍是振动工程领域一大研究热点和难点.隔振的方式主要有被动隔振和主动隔振之分，由于主动隔振结构复杂，成本高，目前应用较少，譬如主动悬架主要应用于高档汽车，所以被动隔振是常见的隔振方法.由隔振理论可知，当激励频率大于系统固有频率的〖KF（〗2〖KF）〗倍时，系统开始隔振.因此，固有频率越低，隔振系统隔振频带越宽.系统刚度越小，固有频率越低，但是静位移越大，所以一般被动隔振会遇到隔振频带越宽则稳定性越差的矛盾.而准零刚度系统可以实现在静平衡位置附近的动刚度小