南水北调东线工程南四湖调蓄区地表水的环境质量评价及的环境地质问题浅析.docVIP

南水北调东线工程南四湖调蓄区地表水的环境质量评价及的环境地质问题浅析 　　摘要：在分析南四湖及周边地质环境条件的基础上，进行水环境质量评价，湖泊水体多属Ⅳ～Ⅴ类水，地表水水环境质量总体评价为较差―极差。湖区存在采空塌陷、地面沉降等地质灾害及湖泊泥沙淤积严重、水资源开采过度、生物多样性减少、水域面积变化过大等环境地质问题，文章对上述问题成因及现状进行了分析，对今后南四湖地质环境保护与预防工作有一定的参考意义。 　　关键词：水环境质量评价；地质灾害；环境地质问题；南四湖调蓄区 　　中图分类号：TV213 　　文献标识码：A 　　文章编号：1672-1683(2008)02-0020-03 　　Study on Assessment of the Quality of Surface Water Environment Quality and Environmental and Geological 　　Problems of the Nansi Lake Storage Areas of East-route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project 　　JIADe-wang，SUNYing-bo，ZHANGMin， TANXiao-bo，JIANGFu-hong 　　(Lunan Institute of Geologic Engineering of Shandong Province，Yanzhou 272100，China) 　　Abstract：The paper，based on the analysis on geological environment of the Nansi Lake and its surrounding area，undertakes the assessment on the water environments quality，indicating that water quality of the Lake is between the level of Ⅳ～Ⅴ and the quality of surface water is between relatively bad to very bad.According to the assessment，there are mining subsidence areas and ground subsidence areas，the Lake is coated with thick mud at the bottom，the water resources are over-exploited，the diversification of creature decreases and the surface of the Lake changes greatly.In a word，the assessment is significant to the geological environment protection and geological disaster prevention for Nansi Lake in the future. 　　Key words：assessment of the quality of water environment，geological disaster，problems of environment and geology，Nansi Lake storage area 　　 　　1 南四湖及周边概况 　　 　　南四湖位于山东省西南部，行政区划隶属济宁、枣庄2市，南四湖由北向南依次为南阳湖、独山湖、昭阳湖、微山湖，南北长约126 km，东西宽约5～25 km，最大水面面积为1 266 km2，为山东省最大的淡水湖泊，也是南水北调东线工程重要的调蓄水库之一。1960年在湖腰建成了拦湖大坝，坝上兴建节制闸和船闸，将湖一分为二，坝北为上级湖，面积602 km2，坝南为下级湖，面积664 km2。上级湖允许最高水位36.50 m，兴利水位34.20 m，死水位33.00 m；下级湖允许最高水位35.00 m，兴利水位32.50 m，死水位31.50 m。全湖防洪库容47.31亿m3，兴利水位库容17.02亿m3，兴利调节库容11.28亿m3，平均水深约1.50 m。 　　南四湖承集东西两侧山东、江苏、河南、安徽53条河流来水，汇水面积可达31 700 km2。东岸有泗河、十字河、白马河、郭河、?哺?河等山溪性河流注入，西侧则以红卫河、洙赵新河、京杭运河、万福河、东鱼河等为主。梁济运河将黄河、东平湖与南四湖相