出口强度、吸收能力与中国企业生产率研究——基于大样本微观企业面板数据-国民经济学专业论文.docxVIP

中文摘要 改革开放以来，中国出口贸易的增长尤为引人注目。2012 年，我国货物出口 额占全球货物出口额的 11.2%，居世界第一。从已有的经济发展事实和经验，结合 我国改革开放以来采取的出口带动经济策略所取得的巨大成就来看，出口导向型的 经济发展战略是促进国家实现经济起飞与经济持续增长的强大动力。我们的研究表 明，出口活动对本土企业生产率有提升作用，但这种提升作用存在时间限制，并且 在很大程度上受到出口强度和企业技术吸收能力的影响。 本文基于我国大样本微观企业数据，依次深入研究以下三个问题：出口企业是 否存在生产率优势，出口生产率优势来源以及出口强度、吸收能力对出口企业生产 率优势的影响。实证表明：我国出口企业存在生产率静态优势，优势幅度随吸收能 力增强而增加，但随着出口强度增加，呈先增大再减小的倒 U 型关系。通过对自 选择效应和学习效应的检验，我们发现中国出口企业存在自选择效应，但低生产 率、高出口强度的出口企业并不存在自选择效应；短期内持续出口企业的学习效应 为负，但企业资本密集度高的企业能快速扭转为正。通过在模型中纳入吸收能力， 我们发现企业吸收能力对出口活动具有正向调节效应，使得倒 U 型的顶点提前到 来，即出口强度相同的企业，吸收能力水平高的企业对应于较高的生产率。 基于结论，我国应大力推动出口强度高的加工贸易型企业转型升级，鼓励资本 密集型企业适度出口，改善我国出口产品的技术结构，并倡导企业积极提升自身吸 收能力。 关键词: 全要素生产率；出口强度；吸收能力；自选择效应；学习效应 Abstract Since the reform and opening up, China has enjoyed a striking development in international trade. In 2012, Chinese goods exports accounted for 11.2% of world merchandise exports, ranking first in the world. Based on the existing facts and experience, export-oriented economic strategy is a powerful engine to promote and achieve sustained economic growth. Our research shows that export activities will enhance the role of productivity, but with time limit, and is affected by the export intensity and absorptive capacity. This paper carries out an in-depth study on the relationship between export intensity and productivity of Chinese exporters, and the moderate effect on the relationship by firm-level absorptive capacity. Our empirical study shows: Chinese exporters are more productive than non-exporters. Productivity premium increases with absorptive capacity, but differs with export intensity. We further investigate the source of productivity by carry out an examination on self-selection effect and learning effect. The overall findings support self-selection effect that more productive firms enter into export markets. And that this effect, however, does not stand in low productivity and high export intensity exporters. Besides, results of short term learning effect for established exporters are negative and robust