从概念整合视角看语用预设理解-外国语言学及应用语言学专业论文.docxVIP

precondition of the truth or falsity of A. (Strawson 1952:175) However, this belief is true only for statements in the form of simple sentences. As for those in the form of compound and complex sentence, it is not the case. Furthermore it is subject to the constraints of Truth-Condition. Strawsons notion of presupposition, nevertheless, came to the attention of linguists, and it seemed to open up a new and interesting possibility.(Levinson, 1983:174) Later, it was realized as semantic presupposition, which is contrasted with pragmatic presupposition in the following part of this thesis. Kennan (1971) noted that presupposition concerning the relationship between speaker and listener simply does not affect truth condition. Therefore, he held that such examples form an independent and distinct class of pragmatic inferences which he called pragmatic presuppositions, which are best described as a relation between a speaker and the appropriateness of a sentence in a given context. This kind of inference is, in fact, an aspect of social deixis encoded as conventional implicature. (Levinson, 1983:89,127) Formal school intended to explain this linguistic phenomenon by using a set of symbols. Levinson, a pragmatist, classified the representing forms of presupposition into 13 kinds. Grundy (1995, 2000) divided presupposition into pragmatic presupposition and conventional presupposition. Yule (1999:25) pointed out that A presupposition is something the speaker assumes to be the case prior to making an utterance. Speakers, not sentences, have presuppositions. Professor He Ziran stated that the crucial aspects in investigating pragmatic presupposition lied in its appropriateness and mutual understanding (He, 1988:111). Professor Xu Shenghuan made a further research on this topic. He proposed that presupposition is, in fact, a condition stated or implied in semantic sense. (Xu, 1993:1-9) Professor Xiong Xueliang (1999) proposed a model of pragmatic inference from the perspective